Gene expression patterns of red sea urchins (Mesocentrotus franciscanus) exposed to different combinations of temperature and pCO2 during early development
Abstract Background The red sea urchin Mesocentrotus franciscanus is an ecologically important kelp forest herbivore and an economically valuable wild fishery species. To examine how M. franciscanus responds to its environment on a molecular level, differences in gene expression patterns were observ...
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crspringernat:10.1186/s12864-020-07327-x 2023-05-15T17:52:09+02:00 Gene expression patterns of red sea urchins (Mesocentrotus franciscanus) exposed to different combinations of temperature and pCO2 during early development Wong, Juliet M. Hofmann, Gretchen E. University of California National Science Foundation 2021 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12864-020-07327-x http://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s12864-020-07327-x.pdf http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12864-020-07327-x/fulltext.html en eng Springer Science and Business Media LLC http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ CC-BY BMC Genomics volume 22, issue 1 ISSN 1471-2164 Genetics Biotechnology journal-article 2021 crspringernat https://doi.org/10.1186/s12864-020-07327-x 2022-01-04T10:38:12Z Abstract Background The red sea urchin Mesocentrotus franciscanus is an ecologically important kelp forest herbivore and an economically valuable wild fishery species. To examine how M. franciscanus responds to its environment on a molecular level, differences in gene expression patterns were observed in embryos raised under combinations of two temperatures (13 °C or 17 °C) and two p CO 2 levels (475 μatm or 1050 μatm). These combinations mimic various present-day conditions measured during and between upwelling events in the highly dynamic California Current System with the exception of the 17 °C and 1050 μatm combination, which does not currently occur. However, as ocean warming and acidification continues, warmer temperatures and higher p CO 2 conditions are expected to increase in frequency and to occur simultaneously. The transcriptomic responses of the embryos were assessed at two developmental stages (gastrula and prism) in light of previously described plasticity in body size and thermotolerance under these temperature and p CO 2 treatments. Results Although transcriptomic patterns primarily varied by developmental stage, there were pronounced differences in gene expression as a result of the treatment conditions. Temperature and p CO 2 treatments led to the differential expression of genes related to the cellular stress response, transmembrane transport, metabolic processes, and the regulation of gene expression. At each developmental stage, temperature contributed significantly to the observed variance in gene expression, which was also correlated to the phenotypic attributes of the embryos. On the other hand, the transcriptomic response to p CO 2 was relatively muted, particularly at the prism stage. Conclusions M. franciscanus exhibited transcriptomic plasticity under different temperatures, indicating their capacity for a molecular-level response that may facilitate red sea urchins facing ocean warming as climate change continues. In contrast, the lack of a robust transcriptomic response, in combination with observations of decreased body size, under elevated p CO 2 levels suggest that this species may be negatively affected by ocean acidification. High present-day p CO 2 conditions that occur due to coastal upwelling may already be influencing populations of M. franciscanus . Article in Journal/Newspaper Ocean acidification Springer Nature (via Crossref) BMC Genomics 22 1 |
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Springer Nature (via Crossref) |
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English |
topic |
Genetics Biotechnology |
spellingShingle |
Genetics Biotechnology Wong, Juliet M. Hofmann, Gretchen E. Gene expression patterns of red sea urchins (Mesocentrotus franciscanus) exposed to different combinations of temperature and pCO2 during early development |
topic_facet |
Genetics Biotechnology |
description |
Abstract Background The red sea urchin Mesocentrotus franciscanus is an ecologically important kelp forest herbivore and an economically valuable wild fishery species. To examine how M. franciscanus responds to its environment on a molecular level, differences in gene expression patterns were observed in embryos raised under combinations of two temperatures (13 °C or 17 °C) and two p CO 2 levels (475 μatm or 1050 μatm). These combinations mimic various present-day conditions measured during and between upwelling events in the highly dynamic California Current System with the exception of the 17 °C and 1050 μatm combination, which does not currently occur. However, as ocean warming and acidification continues, warmer temperatures and higher p CO 2 conditions are expected to increase in frequency and to occur simultaneously. The transcriptomic responses of the embryos were assessed at two developmental stages (gastrula and prism) in light of previously described plasticity in body size and thermotolerance under these temperature and p CO 2 treatments. Results Although transcriptomic patterns primarily varied by developmental stage, there were pronounced differences in gene expression as a result of the treatment conditions. Temperature and p CO 2 treatments led to the differential expression of genes related to the cellular stress response, transmembrane transport, metabolic processes, and the regulation of gene expression. At each developmental stage, temperature contributed significantly to the observed variance in gene expression, which was also correlated to the phenotypic attributes of the embryos. On the other hand, the transcriptomic response to p CO 2 was relatively muted, particularly at the prism stage. Conclusions M. franciscanus exhibited transcriptomic plasticity under different temperatures, indicating their capacity for a molecular-level response that may facilitate red sea urchins facing ocean warming as climate change continues. In contrast, the lack of a robust transcriptomic response, in combination with observations of decreased body size, under elevated p CO 2 levels suggest that this species may be negatively affected by ocean acidification. High present-day p CO 2 conditions that occur due to coastal upwelling may already be influencing populations of M. franciscanus . |
author2 |
University of California National Science Foundation |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Wong, Juliet M. Hofmann, Gretchen E. |
author_facet |
Wong, Juliet M. Hofmann, Gretchen E. |
author_sort |
Wong, Juliet M. |
title |
Gene expression patterns of red sea urchins (Mesocentrotus franciscanus) exposed to different combinations of temperature and pCO2 during early development |
title_short |
Gene expression patterns of red sea urchins (Mesocentrotus franciscanus) exposed to different combinations of temperature and pCO2 during early development |
title_full |
Gene expression patterns of red sea urchins (Mesocentrotus franciscanus) exposed to different combinations of temperature and pCO2 during early development |
title_fullStr |
Gene expression patterns of red sea urchins (Mesocentrotus franciscanus) exposed to different combinations of temperature and pCO2 during early development |
title_full_unstemmed |
Gene expression patterns of red sea urchins (Mesocentrotus franciscanus) exposed to different combinations of temperature and pCO2 during early development |
title_sort |
gene expression patterns of red sea urchins (mesocentrotus franciscanus) exposed to different combinations of temperature and pco2 during early development |
publisher |
Springer Science and Business Media LLC |
publishDate |
2021 |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12864-020-07327-x http://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s12864-020-07327-x.pdf http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12864-020-07327-x/fulltext.html |
genre |
Ocean acidification |
genre_facet |
Ocean acidification |
op_source |
BMC Genomics volume 22, issue 1 ISSN 1471-2164 |
op_rights |
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ |
op_rightsnorm |
CC-BY |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12864-020-07327-x |
container_title |
BMC Genomics |
container_volume |
22 |
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1 |
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