A newly discovered radiation of endoparasitic gastropods and their coevolution with asteroid hosts in Antarctica
Abstract Background Marine invertebrates are abundant and diverse on the continental shelf in Antarctica, but little is known about their parasitic counterparts. Endoparasites are especially understudied because they often possess highly modified body plans that pose problems for their identificatio...
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crspringernat:10.1186/s12862-019-1499-8 2023-05-15T14:06:51+02:00 A newly discovered radiation of endoparasitic gastropods and their coevolution with asteroid hosts in Antarctica Layton, Kara K. S. Rouse, Greg W. Wilson, Nerida G. 2019 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12862-019-1499-8 http://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s12862-019-1499-8.pdf http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12862-019-1499-8/fulltext.html en eng Springer Science and Business Media LLC http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ CC-BY BMC Evolutionary Biology volume 19, issue 1 ISSN 1471-2148 Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics journal-article 2019 crspringernat https://doi.org/10.1186/s12862-019-1499-8 2022-01-04T07:46:10Z Abstract Background Marine invertebrates are abundant and diverse on the continental shelf in Antarctica, but little is known about their parasitic counterparts. Endoparasites are especially understudied because they often possess highly modified body plans that pose problems for their identification. Asterophila , a genus of endoparasitic gastropod in the family Eulimidae, forms cysts in the arms and central discs of asteroid sea stars. There are currently four known species in this genus, one of which has been described from the Antarctic Peninsula ( A. perknasteri ). This study employs molecular and morphological data to investigate the diversity of Asterophila in Antarctica and explore cophylogenetic patterns between host and parasite. Results A maximum-likelihood phylogeny of Asterophila and subsequent species-delimitation analysis uncovered nine well-supported putative species, eight of which are new to science. Most Asterophila species were found on a single host species, but four species were found on multiple hosts from one or two closely related genera, showing phylogenetic conservatism of host use. Both distance-based and event-based cophylogenetic analyses uncovered a strong signal of coevolution in this system, but most associations were explained by non-cospeciation events. Discussion The prevalence of duplication and host-switching events in Asterophila and its asteroid hosts suggests that synchronous evolution may be rare even in obligate endoparasitic systems. The apparent restricted distribution of Asterophila from around the Scotia Arc may be an artefact of concentrated sampling in the area and a low obvious prevalence of infection. Given the richness of parasites on a global scale, their role in promoting host diversification, and the threat of their loss through coextinction, future work should continue to investigate parasite diversity and coevolution in vulnerable ecosystems. Article in Journal/Newspaper Antarc* Antarctic Antarctic Peninsula Antarctica Springer Nature (via Crossref) Antarctic Antarctic Peninsula The Antarctic BMC Evolutionary Biology 19 1 |
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Open Polar |
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Springer Nature (via Crossref) |
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crspringernat |
language |
English |
topic |
Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics |
spellingShingle |
Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics Layton, Kara K. S. Rouse, Greg W. Wilson, Nerida G. A newly discovered radiation of endoparasitic gastropods and their coevolution with asteroid hosts in Antarctica |
topic_facet |
Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics |
description |
Abstract Background Marine invertebrates are abundant and diverse on the continental shelf in Antarctica, but little is known about their parasitic counterparts. Endoparasites are especially understudied because they often possess highly modified body plans that pose problems for their identification. Asterophila , a genus of endoparasitic gastropod in the family Eulimidae, forms cysts in the arms and central discs of asteroid sea stars. There are currently four known species in this genus, one of which has been described from the Antarctic Peninsula ( A. perknasteri ). This study employs molecular and morphological data to investigate the diversity of Asterophila in Antarctica and explore cophylogenetic patterns between host and parasite. Results A maximum-likelihood phylogeny of Asterophila and subsequent species-delimitation analysis uncovered nine well-supported putative species, eight of which are new to science. Most Asterophila species were found on a single host species, but four species were found on multiple hosts from one or two closely related genera, showing phylogenetic conservatism of host use. Both distance-based and event-based cophylogenetic analyses uncovered a strong signal of coevolution in this system, but most associations were explained by non-cospeciation events. Discussion The prevalence of duplication and host-switching events in Asterophila and its asteroid hosts suggests that synchronous evolution may be rare even in obligate endoparasitic systems. The apparent restricted distribution of Asterophila from around the Scotia Arc may be an artefact of concentrated sampling in the area and a low obvious prevalence of infection. Given the richness of parasites on a global scale, their role in promoting host diversification, and the threat of their loss through coextinction, future work should continue to investigate parasite diversity and coevolution in vulnerable ecosystems. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Layton, Kara K. S. Rouse, Greg W. Wilson, Nerida G. |
author_facet |
Layton, Kara K. S. Rouse, Greg W. Wilson, Nerida G. |
author_sort |
Layton, Kara K. S. |
title |
A newly discovered radiation of endoparasitic gastropods and their coevolution with asteroid hosts in Antarctica |
title_short |
A newly discovered radiation of endoparasitic gastropods and their coevolution with asteroid hosts in Antarctica |
title_full |
A newly discovered radiation of endoparasitic gastropods and their coevolution with asteroid hosts in Antarctica |
title_fullStr |
A newly discovered radiation of endoparasitic gastropods and their coevolution with asteroid hosts in Antarctica |
title_full_unstemmed |
A newly discovered radiation of endoparasitic gastropods and their coevolution with asteroid hosts in Antarctica |
title_sort |
newly discovered radiation of endoparasitic gastropods and their coevolution with asteroid hosts in antarctica |
publisher |
Springer Science and Business Media LLC |
publishDate |
2019 |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12862-019-1499-8 http://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s12862-019-1499-8.pdf http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12862-019-1499-8/fulltext.html |
geographic |
Antarctic Antarctic Peninsula The Antarctic |
geographic_facet |
Antarctic Antarctic Peninsula The Antarctic |
genre |
Antarc* Antarctic Antarctic Peninsula Antarctica |
genre_facet |
Antarc* Antarctic Antarctic Peninsula Antarctica |
op_source |
BMC Evolutionary Biology volume 19, issue 1 ISSN 1471-2148 |
op_rights |
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ |
op_rightsnorm |
CC-BY |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12862-019-1499-8 |
container_title |
BMC Evolutionary Biology |
container_volume |
19 |
container_issue |
1 |
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1766278876195979264 |