Transcriptomic and physiological responses to fishmeal substitution with plant proteins in formulated feed in farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)
Abstract Background Aquaculture of piscivorous fish is in continual expansion resulting in a global requirement to reduce the dependence on wild caught fish for generation of fishmeal and fish oil. Plant proteins represent a suitable protein alternative to fish meal and are increasingly being used i...
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crspringernat:10.1186/1471-2164-13-363 2023-05-15T15:31:30+02:00 Transcriptomic and physiological responses to fishmeal substitution with plant proteins in formulated feed in farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) Tacchi, Luca Secombes, Christopher J Bickerdike, Ralph Adler, Michael A Venegas, Claudia Takle, Harald Martin, Samuel AM 2012 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2164-13-363 https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/1471-2164-13-363.pdf en eng Springer Science and Business Media LLC BMC Genomics volume 13, issue 1 ISSN 1471-2164 Genetics Biotechnology journal-article 2012 crspringernat https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2164-13-363 2022-01-04T09:46:51Z Abstract Background Aquaculture of piscivorous fish is in continual expansion resulting in a global requirement to reduce the dependence on wild caught fish for generation of fishmeal and fish oil. Plant proteins represent a suitable protein alternative to fish meal and are increasingly being used in fish feed. In this study, we examined the transcriptional response of Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar ) to a high marine protein (MP) or low fishmeal, higher plant protein replacement diet (PP), formulated to the same nutritional specification within previously determined acceptable maximum levels of individual plant feed materials. Results After 77 days of feeding the fish in both groups doubled in weight, however neither growth performance, feed efficiency, condition factor nor organ indices were significantly different. Assessment of histopathological changes in the heart, intestine or liver did not reveal any negative effects of the PP diet. Transcriptomic analysis was performed in mid intestine, liver and skeletal muscle, using an Atlantic salmon oligonucleotide microarray (Salar_2, Agilent 4x44K). The dietary comparison revealed large alteration in gene expression in all the tissues studied between fish on the two diets. Gene ontology analysis showed, in the mid intestine of fish fed PP, higher expression of genes involved in enteritis, protein and energy metabolism, mitochondrial activity/kinases and transport, and a lower expression of genes involved in cell proliferation and apoptosis compared to fish fed MP. The liver of fish fed PP showed a lower expression of immune response genes but a higher expression of cell proliferation and apoptosis processes that may lead to cell reorganization in this tissue. The skeletal muscle of fish fed PP vs MP was characterized by a suppression of processes including immune response, energy and protein metabolism, cell proliferation and apoptosis which may reflect a more energy efficient tissue. Conclusions The PP diet resulted in significant effects on transcription in all the 3 tissues studied. Despite of these alterations, we demonstrated that high level of plant derived proteins in a salmon diet allowed fish to grow with equal efficiency as those on a high marine protein diet, and with no difference in biometric quality parameters. Article in Journal/Newspaper Atlantic salmon Salmo salar Springer Nature (via Crossref) BMC Genomics 13 1 363 |
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Springer Nature (via Crossref) |
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English |
topic |
Genetics Biotechnology |
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Genetics Biotechnology Tacchi, Luca Secombes, Christopher J Bickerdike, Ralph Adler, Michael A Venegas, Claudia Takle, Harald Martin, Samuel AM Transcriptomic and physiological responses to fishmeal substitution with plant proteins in formulated feed in farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) |
topic_facet |
Genetics Biotechnology |
description |
Abstract Background Aquaculture of piscivorous fish is in continual expansion resulting in a global requirement to reduce the dependence on wild caught fish for generation of fishmeal and fish oil. Plant proteins represent a suitable protein alternative to fish meal and are increasingly being used in fish feed. In this study, we examined the transcriptional response of Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar ) to a high marine protein (MP) or low fishmeal, higher plant protein replacement diet (PP), formulated to the same nutritional specification within previously determined acceptable maximum levels of individual plant feed materials. Results After 77 days of feeding the fish in both groups doubled in weight, however neither growth performance, feed efficiency, condition factor nor organ indices were significantly different. Assessment of histopathological changes in the heart, intestine or liver did not reveal any negative effects of the PP diet. Transcriptomic analysis was performed in mid intestine, liver and skeletal muscle, using an Atlantic salmon oligonucleotide microarray (Salar_2, Agilent 4x44K). The dietary comparison revealed large alteration in gene expression in all the tissues studied between fish on the two diets. Gene ontology analysis showed, in the mid intestine of fish fed PP, higher expression of genes involved in enteritis, protein and energy metabolism, mitochondrial activity/kinases and transport, and a lower expression of genes involved in cell proliferation and apoptosis compared to fish fed MP. The liver of fish fed PP showed a lower expression of immune response genes but a higher expression of cell proliferation and apoptosis processes that may lead to cell reorganization in this tissue. The skeletal muscle of fish fed PP vs MP was characterized by a suppression of processes including immune response, energy and protein metabolism, cell proliferation and apoptosis which may reflect a more energy efficient tissue. Conclusions The PP diet resulted in significant effects on transcription in all the 3 tissues studied. Despite of these alterations, we demonstrated that high level of plant derived proteins in a salmon diet allowed fish to grow with equal efficiency as those on a high marine protein diet, and with no difference in biometric quality parameters. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Tacchi, Luca Secombes, Christopher J Bickerdike, Ralph Adler, Michael A Venegas, Claudia Takle, Harald Martin, Samuel AM |
author_facet |
Tacchi, Luca Secombes, Christopher J Bickerdike, Ralph Adler, Michael A Venegas, Claudia Takle, Harald Martin, Samuel AM |
author_sort |
Tacchi, Luca |
title |
Transcriptomic and physiological responses to fishmeal substitution with plant proteins in formulated feed in farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) |
title_short |
Transcriptomic and physiological responses to fishmeal substitution with plant proteins in formulated feed in farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) |
title_full |
Transcriptomic and physiological responses to fishmeal substitution with plant proteins in formulated feed in farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) |
title_fullStr |
Transcriptomic and physiological responses to fishmeal substitution with plant proteins in formulated feed in farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) |
title_full_unstemmed |
Transcriptomic and physiological responses to fishmeal substitution with plant proteins in formulated feed in farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) |
title_sort |
transcriptomic and physiological responses to fishmeal substitution with plant proteins in formulated feed in farmed atlantic salmon (salmo salar) |
publisher |
Springer Science and Business Media LLC |
publishDate |
2012 |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2164-13-363 https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/1471-2164-13-363.pdf |
genre |
Atlantic salmon Salmo salar |
genre_facet |
Atlantic salmon Salmo salar |
op_source |
BMC Genomics volume 13, issue 1 ISSN 1471-2164 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2164-13-363 |
container_title |
BMC Genomics |
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13 |
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1 |
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363 |
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1766362015763267584 |