Regulation and expression of sexual differentiation factors in embryonic and extragonadal tissues of Atlantic salmon
Abstract Background The products of cyp19 , dax , foxl2 , mis , sf1 and sox9 have each been associated with sex-determining processes among vertebrates. We provide evidence for expression of these regulators very early in salmonid development and in tissues outside of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adre...
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Springer Science and Business Media LLC
2011
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crspringernat:10.1186/1471-2164-12-31 2023-05-15T15:33:04+02:00 Regulation and expression of sexual differentiation factors in embryonic and extragonadal tissues of Atlantic salmon von Schalburg, Kristian R Yasuike, Motoshige Yazawa, Ryosuke de Boer, Johan G Reid, Linda So, Stacy Robb, Adrienne Rondeau, Eric B Phillips, Ruth B Davidson, William S Koop, Ben F 2011 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2164-12-31 http://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/1471-2164-12-31.pdf http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/1471-2164-12-31/fulltext.html https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/1471-2164-12-31.pdf en eng Springer Science and Business Media LLC http://www.springer.com/tdm BMC Genomics volume 12, issue 1 ISSN 1471-2164 Genetics Biotechnology journal-article 2011 crspringernat https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2164-12-31 2022-01-04T10:25:30Z Abstract Background The products of cyp19 , dax , foxl2 , mis , sf1 and sox9 have each been associated with sex-determining processes among vertebrates. We provide evidence for expression of these regulators very early in salmonid development and in tissues outside of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal/gonadal (HPAG) axis. Although the function of these factors in sexual differentiation have been defined, their roles in early development before sexual fate decisions and in tissues beyond the brain or gonad are essentially unknown. Results Bacterial artificial chromosomes containing salmon dax1 and dax2 , foxl2b and mis were isolated and the regulatory regions that control their expression were characterized. Transposon integrations are implicated in the shaping of the dax and foxl2 loci. Splice variants for cyp19b1 and mis in both embryonic and adult tissues were detected and characterized. We found that cyp19b1 transcripts are generated that contain 5'-untranslated regions of different lengths due to cryptic splicing of the 3'-end of intron 1. We also demonstrate that salmon mis transcripts can encode prodomain products that present different C-termini and terminate before translation of the MIS hormone. Regulatory differences in the expression of two distinct aromatases cyp19a and cyp19b1 are exerted, despite transcription of their transactivators (ie; dax1 , foxl2 , sf1 ) occurring much earlier during embryonic development. Conclusions We report the embryonic and extragonadal expression of dax , foxl2 , mis and other differentiation factors that indicate that they have functions that are more general and not restricted to steroidogenesis and gonadogenesis. Spliced cyp19b1 and mis transcripts are generated that may provide regulatory controls for tissue- or development-specific activities. Selection of cyp19b1 transcripts may be regulated by DAX-1, FOXL2 and SF-1 complexes that bind motifs in intron 1, or by signals within exon 2 that recruit splicing factors, or both. The potential translation of proteins bearing only the N-terminal MIS prodomain may modulate the functions of other TGF β family members in different tissues. The expression patterns of dax1 early in salmon embryogenesis implicate its role as a lineage determination factor. Other roles for these factors during embryogenesis and outside the HPAG axis are discussed. Article in Journal/Newspaper Atlantic salmon Springer Nature (via Crossref) BMC Genomics 12 1 |
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Open Polar |
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Springer Nature (via Crossref) |
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crspringernat |
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English |
topic |
Genetics Biotechnology |
spellingShingle |
Genetics Biotechnology von Schalburg, Kristian R Yasuike, Motoshige Yazawa, Ryosuke de Boer, Johan G Reid, Linda So, Stacy Robb, Adrienne Rondeau, Eric B Phillips, Ruth B Davidson, William S Koop, Ben F Regulation and expression of sexual differentiation factors in embryonic and extragonadal tissues of Atlantic salmon |
topic_facet |
Genetics Biotechnology |
description |
Abstract Background The products of cyp19 , dax , foxl2 , mis , sf1 and sox9 have each been associated with sex-determining processes among vertebrates. We provide evidence for expression of these regulators very early in salmonid development and in tissues outside of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal/gonadal (HPAG) axis. Although the function of these factors in sexual differentiation have been defined, their roles in early development before sexual fate decisions and in tissues beyond the brain or gonad are essentially unknown. Results Bacterial artificial chromosomes containing salmon dax1 and dax2 , foxl2b and mis were isolated and the regulatory regions that control their expression were characterized. Transposon integrations are implicated in the shaping of the dax and foxl2 loci. Splice variants for cyp19b1 and mis in both embryonic and adult tissues were detected and characterized. We found that cyp19b1 transcripts are generated that contain 5'-untranslated regions of different lengths due to cryptic splicing of the 3'-end of intron 1. We also demonstrate that salmon mis transcripts can encode prodomain products that present different C-termini and terminate before translation of the MIS hormone. Regulatory differences in the expression of two distinct aromatases cyp19a and cyp19b1 are exerted, despite transcription of their transactivators (ie; dax1 , foxl2 , sf1 ) occurring much earlier during embryonic development. Conclusions We report the embryonic and extragonadal expression of dax , foxl2 , mis and other differentiation factors that indicate that they have functions that are more general and not restricted to steroidogenesis and gonadogenesis. Spliced cyp19b1 and mis transcripts are generated that may provide regulatory controls for tissue- or development-specific activities. Selection of cyp19b1 transcripts may be regulated by DAX-1, FOXL2 and SF-1 complexes that bind motifs in intron 1, or by signals within exon 2 that recruit splicing factors, or both. The potential translation of proteins bearing only the N-terminal MIS prodomain may modulate the functions of other TGF β family members in different tissues. The expression patterns of dax1 early in salmon embryogenesis implicate its role as a lineage determination factor. Other roles for these factors during embryogenesis and outside the HPAG axis are discussed. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
von Schalburg, Kristian R Yasuike, Motoshige Yazawa, Ryosuke de Boer, Johan G Reid, Linda So, Stacy Robb, Adrienne Rondeau, Eric B Phillips, Ruth B Davidson, William S Koop, Ben F |
author_facet |
von Schalburg, Kristian R Yasuike, Motoshige Yazawa, Ryosuke de Boer, Johan G Reid, Linda So, Stacy Robb, Adrienne Rondeau, Eric B Phillips, Ruth B Davidson, William S Koop, Ben F |
author_sort |
von Schalburg, Kristian R |
title |
Regulation and expression of sexual differentiation factors in embryonic and extragonadal tissues of Atlantic salmon |
title_short |
Regulation and expression of sexual differentiation factors in embryonic and extragonadal tissues of Atlantic salmon |
title_full |
Regulation and expression of sexual differentiation factors in embryonic and extragonadal tissues of Atlantic salmon |
title_fullStr |
Regulation and expression of sexual differentiation factors in embryonic and extragonadal tissues of Atlantic salmon |
title_full_unstemmed |
Regulation and expression of sexual differentiation factors in embryonic and extragonadal tissues of Atlantic salmon |
title_sort |
regulation and expression of sexual differentiation factors in embryonic and extragonadal tissues of atlantic salmon |
publisher |
Springer Science and Business Media LLC |
publishDate |
2011 |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2164-12-31 http://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/1471-2164-12-31.pdf http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/1471-2164-12-31/fulltext.html https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/1471-2164-12-31.pdf |
genre |
Atlantic salmon |
genre_facet |
Atlantic salmon |
op_source |
BMC Genomics volume 12, issue 1 ISSN 1471-2164 |
op_rights |
http://www.springer.com/tdm |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2164-12-31 |
container_title |
BMC Genomics |
container_volume |
12 |
container_issue |
1 |
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1766363538675204096 |