Sensitivity of multi-PMT optical modules in Antarctic ice to supernova neutrinos of MeV energy

• Published in: The European Physical Journal C
• Main Authors: Lozano Mariscal, C. J., Classen, L., Unland Elorrieta, M. A., Kappes, A.
• Other Authors: Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: English
• Published: Springer Science and Business Media LLC 2021
• Subjects: Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous); Engineering (miscellaneous); Antarctic; South Pole; Antarc*; South pole
• Online Access: http://dx.doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-021-09809-y; https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1140/epjc/s10052-021-09809-y.pdf; https://link.springer.com/article/10.1140/epjc/s10052-021-09809-y/fulltext.html

Abstract New optical sensors with a segmented photosensitive area are being developed for the next generation of neutrino telescopes at the South Pole. In addition to increasing sensitivity to high-energy astrophysical neutrinos, we show that this will also lead to a significant improvement in sensitivity to MeV neutrinos, such as those produced in core-collapse supernovae (CCSN). These low-energy neutrinos can provide a detailed picture of the events after stellar core collapse, testing our understanding of these violent explosions. We present studies on the event-based detection of MeV neutrinos with a segmented sensor and, for the first time, the potential of a corresponding detector in the deep ice at the South Pole for the detection of extra-galactic CCSN. We find that exploiting temporal coincidences between signals in different photocathode segments, a $$27\ \mathrm {M}_{\odot }$$ 27 M ⊙ progenitor mass CCSN can be detected up to a distance of 341 kpc with a false detection rate of $${0.01}\,\hbox {year}^{-1}$$ 0.01 year - 1 with a detector consisting of 10,000 sensors. Increasing the number of sensors to 20,000 and reducing the optical background by a factor of 70 expands the range such that a CCSN detection rate of 0.1 per year is achieved, while keeping the false detection rate at $${0.01}\,{\hbox {year}^{-1}}$$ 0.01 year - 1 .