Oceanic eddy-induced modifications to air–sea heat and CO2 fluxes in the Brazil-Malvinas Confluence

Abstract Sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies caused by a warm core eddy (WCE) in the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean (SWA) rendered a crucial influence on modifying the marine atmospheric boundary layer (MABL). During the first cruise to support the Antarctic Modeling and Observation System (ATMOS)...

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Published in:Scientific Reports
Main Authors: Pezzi, Luciano P., de Souza, Ronald B., Santini, Marcelo F., Miller, Arthur J., Carvalho, Jonas T., Parise, Claudia K., Quadro, Mario F., Rosa, Eliana B., Justino, Flavio, Sutil, Ueslei A., Cabrera, Mylene J., Babanin, Alexander V., Voermans, Joey, Nascimento, Ernani L., Alves, Rita C. M., Munchow, Gabriel B., Rubert, Joel
Other Authors: Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, National Science Foundation
Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
Language:English
Published: Springer Science and Business Media LLC 2021
Subjects:
Online Access:http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-89985-9
http://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-021-89985-9.pdf
http://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-021-89985-9
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spelling crspringernat:10.1038/s41598-021-89985-9 2023-05-15T14:08:49+02:00 Oceanic eddy-induced modifications to air–sea heat and CO2 fluxes in the Brazil-Malvinas Confluence Pezzi, Luciano P. de Souza, Ronald B. Santini, Marcelo F. Miller, Arthur J. Carvalho, Jonas T. Parise, Claudia K. Quadro, Mario F. Rosa, Eliana B. Justino, Flavio Sutil, Ueslei A. Cabrera, Mylene J. Babanin, Alexander V. Voermans, Joey Nascimento, Ernani L. Alves, Rita C. M. Munchow, Gabriel B. Rubert, Joel Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico National Science Foundation 2021 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-89985-9 http://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-021-89985-9.pdf http://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-021-89985-9 en eng Springer Science and Business Media LLC https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 CC-BY Scientific Reports volume 11, issue 1 ISSN 2045-2322 Multidisciplinary journal-article 2021 crspringernat https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-89985-9 2022-01-04T09:55:56Z Abstract Sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies caused by a warm core eddy (WCE) in the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean (SWA) rendered a crucial influence on modifying the marine atmospheric boundary layer (MABL). During the first cruise to support the Antarctic Modeling and Observation System (ATMOS) project, a WCE that was shed from the Brazil Current was sampled. Apart from traditional meteorological measurements, we used the Eddy Covariance method to directly measure the ocean–atmosphere sensible heat, latent heat, momentum, and carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) fluxes. The mechanisms of pressure adjustment and vertical mixing that can make the MABL unstable were both identified. The WCE also acted to increase the surface winds and heat fluxes from the ocean to the atmosphere. Oceanic regions at middle and high latitudes are expected to absorb atmospheric CO 2 , and are thereby considered as sinks, due to their cold waters. Instead, the presence of this WCE in midlatitudes, surrounded by predominantly cold waters, caused the ocean to locally act as a CO 2 source. The contribution to the atmosphere was estimated as 0.3 ± 0.04 mmol m −2 day −1 , averaged over the sampling period. The CO 2 transfer velocity coefficient ( K ) was determined using a quadratic fit and showed an adequate representation of ocean–atmosphere fluxes. The ocean–atmosphere CO 2 , momentum, and heat fluxes were each closely correlated with the SST. The increase of SST inside the WCE clearly resulted in larger magnitudes of all of the ocean–atmosphere fluxes studied here. This study adds to our understanding of how oceanic mesoscale structures, such as this WCE, affect the overlying atmosphere. Article in Journal/Newspaper Antarc* Antarctic Springer Nature (via Crossref) Antarctic The Antarctic Scientific Reports 11 1
institution Open Polar
collection Springer Nature (via Crossref)
op_collection_id crspringernat
language English
topic Multidisciplinary
spellingShingle Multidisciplinary
Pezzi, Luciano P.
de Souza, Ronald B.
Santini, Marcelo F.
Miller, Arthur J.
Carvalho, Jonas T.
Parise, Claudia K.
Quadro, Mario F.
Rosa, Eliana B.
Justino, Flavio
Sutil, Ueslei A.
Cabrera, Mylene J.
Babanin, Alexander V.
Voermans, Joey
Nascimento, Ernani L.
Alves, Rita C. M.
Munchow, Gabriel B.
Rubert, Joel
Oceanic eddy-induced modifications to air–sea heat and CO2 fluxes in the Brazil-Malvinas Confluence
topic_facet Multidisciplinary
description Abstract Sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies caused by a warm core eddy (WCE) in the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean (SWA) rendered a crucial influence on modifying the marine atmospheric boundary layer (MABL). During the first cruise to support the Antarctic Modeling and Observation System (ATMOS) project, a WCE that was shed from the Brazil Current was sampled. Apart from traditional meteorological measurements, we used the Eddy Covariance method to directly measure the ocean–atmosphere sensible heat, latent heat, momentum, and carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) fluxes. The mechanisms of pressure adjustment and vertical mixing that can make the MABL unstable were both identified. The WCE also acted to increase the surface winds and heat fluxes from the ocean to the atmosphere. Oceanic regions at middle and high latitudes are expected to absorb atmospheric CO 2 , and are thereby considered as sinks, due to their cold waters. Instead, the presence of this WCE in midlatitudes, surrounded by predominantly cold waters, caused the ocean to locally act as a CO 2 source. The contribution to the atmosphere was estimated as 0.3 ± 0.04 mmol m −2 day −1 , averaged over the sampling period. The CO 2 transfer velocity coefficient ( K ) was determined using a quadratic fit and showed an adequate representation of ocean–atmosphere fluxes. The ocean–atmosphere CO 2 , momentum, and heat fluxes were each closely correlated with the SST. The increase of SST inside the WCE clearly resulted in larger magnitudes of all of the ocean–atmosphere fluxes studied here. This study adds to our understanding of how oceanic mesoscale structures, such as this WCE, affect the overlying atmosphere.
author2 Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
National Science Foundation
format Article in Journal/Newspaper
author Pezzi, Luciano P.
de Souza, Ronald B.
Santini, Marcelo F.
Miller, Arthur J.
Carvalho, Jonas T.
Parise, Claudia K.
Quadro, Mario F.
Rosa, Eliana B.
Justino, Flavio
Sutil, Ueslei A.
Cabrera, Mylene J.
Babanin, Alexander V.
Voermans, Joey
Nascimento, Ernani L.
Alves, Rita C. M.
Munchow, Gabriel B.
Rubert, Joel
author_facet Pezzi, Luciano P.
de Souza, Ronald B.
Santini, Marcelo F.
Miller, Arthur J.
Carvalho, Jonas T.
Parise, Claudia K.
Quadro, Mario F.
Rosa, Eliana B.
Justino, Flavio
Sutil, Ueslei A.
Cabrera, Mylene J.
Babanin, Alexander V.
Voermans, Joey
Nascimento, Ernani L.
Alves, Rita C. M.
Munchow, Gabriel B.
Rubert, Joel
author_sort Pezzi, Luciano P.
title Oceanic eddy-induced modifications to air–sea heat and CO2 fluxes in the Brazil-Malvinas Confluence
title_short Oceanic eddy-induced modifications to air–sea heat and CO2 fluxes in the Brazil-Malvinas Confluence
title_full Oceanic eddy-induced modifications to air–sea heat and CO2 fluxes in the Brazil-Malvinas Confluence
title_fullStr Oceanic eddy-induced modifications to air–sea heat and CO2 fluxes in the Brazil-Malvinas Confluence
title_full_unstemmed Oceanic eddy-induced modifications to air–sea heat and CO2 fluxes in the Brazil-Malvinas Confluence
title_sort oceanic eddy-induced modifications to air–sea heat and co2 fluxes in the brazil-malvinas confluence
publisher Springer Science and Business Media LLC
publishDate 2021
url http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-89985-9
http://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-021-89985-9.pdf
http://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-021-89985-9
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op_source Scientific Reports
volume 11, issue 1
ISSN 2045-2322
op_rights https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
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