Future behavior of wind wave extremes due to climate change
Abstract Extreme waves will undergo changes in the future when exposed to different climate change scenarios. These changes are evaluated through the analysis of significant wave height (H s ) return values and are also compared with annual mean H s projections. Hourly time series are analyzed throu...
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crspringernat:10.1038/s41598-021-86524-4 2023-05-15T18:25:49+02:00 Future behavior of wind wave extremes due to climate change Lobeto, Hector Menendez, Melisa Losada, Iñigo J. Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación Agencia Estatal de Investigación ERA4CS/ERA-NET co-funded by the European Union 2021 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-86524-4 http://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-021-86524-4.pdf http://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-021-86524-4 en eng Springer Science and Business Media LLC https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 CC-BY Scientific Reports volume 11, issue 1 ISSN 2045-2322 Multidisciplinary journal-article 2021 crspringernat https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-86524-4 2022-01-14T15:41:21Z Abstract Extreme waves will undergo changes in the future when exposed to different climate change scenarios. These changes are evaluated through the analysis of significant wave height (H s ) return values and are also compared with annual mean H s projections. Hourly time series are analyzed through a seven-member ensemble of wave climate simulations and changes are estimated in H s for return periods from 5 to 100 years by the end of the century under RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 scenarios. Despite the underlying uncertainty that characterizes extremes, we obtain robust changes in extreme H s over more than approximately 25% of the ocean surface. The results obtained conclude that increases cover wider areas and are larger in magnitude than decreases for higher return periods. The Southern Ocean is the region where the most robust increase in extreme H s is projected, showing local increases of over 2 m regardless the analyzed return period under RCP8.5 scenario. On the contrary, the tropical north Pacific shows the most robust decrease in extreme H s , with local decreases of over 1.5 m. Relevant divergences are found in several ocean regions between the projected behavior of mean and extreme wave conditions. For example, an increase in H s return values and a decrease in annual mean H s is found in the SE Indian, NW Atlantic and NE Pacific. Therefore, an extrapolation of the expected change in mean wave conditions to extremes in regions presenting such divergences should be adopted with caution, since it may lead to misinterpretation when used for the design of marine structures or in the evaluation of coastal flooding and erosion. Article in Journal/Newspaper Southern Ocean Springer Nature (via Crossref) Southern Ocean Pacific Indian Scientific Reports 11 1 |
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Springer Nature (via Crossref) |
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language |
English |
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Multidisciplinary |
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Multidisciplinary Lobeto, Hector Menendez, Melisa Losada, Iñigo J. Future behavior of wind wave extremes due to climate change |
topic_facet |
Multidisciplinary |
description |
Abstract Extreme waves will undergo changes in the future when exposed to different climate change scenarios. These changes are evaluated through the analysis of significant wave height (H s ) return values and are also compared with annual mean H s projections. Hourly time series are analyzed through a seven-member ensemble of wave climate simulations and changes are estimated in H s for return periods from 5 to 100 years by the end of the century under RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 scenarios. Despite the underlying uncertainty that characterizes extremes, we obtain robust changes in extreme H s over more than approximately 25% of the ocean surface. The results obtained conclude that increases cover wider areas and are larger in magnitude than decreases for higher return periods. The Southern Ocean is the region where the most robust increase in extreme H s is projected, showing local increases of over 2 m regardless the analyzed return period under RCP8.5 scenario. On the contrary, the tropical north Pacific shows the most robust decrease in extreme H s , with local decreases of over 1.5 m. Relevant divergences are found in several ocean regions between the projected behavior of mean and extreme wave conditions. For example, an increase in H s return values and a decrease in annual mean H s is found in the SE Indian, NW Atlantic and NE Pacific. Therefore, an extrapolation of the expected change in mean wave conditions to extremes in regions presenting such divergences should be adopted with caution, since it may lead to misinterpretation when used for the design of marine structures or in the evaluation of coastal flooding and erosion. |
author2 |
Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación Agencia Estatal de Investigación ERA4CS/ERA-NET co-funded by the European Union |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Lobeto, Hector Menendez, Melisa Losada, Iñigo J. |
author_facet |
Lobeto, Hector Menendez, Melisa Losada, Iñigo J. |
author_sort |
Lobeto, Hector |
title |
Future behavior of wind wave extremes due to climate change |
title_short |
Future behavior of wind wave extremes due to climate change |
title_full |
Future behavior of wind wave extremes due to climate change |
title_fullStr |
Future behavior of wind wave extremes due to climate change |
title_full_unstemmed |
Future behavior of wind wave extremes due to climate change |
title_sort |
future behavior of wind wave extremes due to climate change |
publisher |
Springer Science and Business Media LLC |
publishDate |
2021 |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-86524-4 http://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-021-86524-4.pdf http://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-021-86524-4 |
geographic |
Southern Ocean Pacific Indian |
geographic_facet |
Southern Ocean Pacific Indian |
genre |
Southern Ocean |
genre_facet |
Southern Ocean |
op_source |
Scientific Reports volume 11, issue 1 ISSN 2045-2322 |
op_rights |
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 |
op_rightsnorm |
CC-BY |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-86524-4 |
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Scientific Reports |
container_volume |
11 |
container_issue |
1 |
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1766207499986272256 |