Hidden diversity of the most basal tapeworms (Cestoda, Gyrocotylidea), the enigmatic parasites of holocephalans (Chimaeriformes)
Abstract Gyrocotylideans are evolutionary ancient parasitic flatworms, and like their hosts—a relict group of holocephalan fishes (Chimaeriformes)—they are considered to be “living fossils” of a vanished past. However, the species diversity, host associations and biogeography of these most basal tap...
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2021
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Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-84613-y http://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-021-84613-y.pdf http://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-021-84613-y |
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crspringernat:10.1038/s41598-021-84613-y 2023-05-15T17:35:43+02:00 Hidden diversity of the most basal tapeworms (Cestoda, Gyrocotylidea), the enigmatic parasites of holocephalans (Chimaeriformes) Barčák, Daniel Fan, Chia-Kwung Sonko, Pasaikou Kuchta, Roman Scholz, Tomáš Orosová, Martina Chen, Hsuan-Wien Oros, Mikuláš Slovak Academy of Sciences Ministry of Sciences and Technology, Taiwan Grantová Agentura České Republiky Biologick 2021 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-84613-y http://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-021-84613-y.pdf http://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-021-84613-y en eng Springer Science and Business Media LLC https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 CC-BY Scientific Reports volume 11, issue 1 ISSN 2045-2322 Multidisciplinary journal-article 2021 crspringernat https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-84613-y 2022-01-04T14:32:18Z Abstract Gyrocotylideans are evolutionary ancient parasitic flatworms, and like their hosts—a relict group of holocephalan fishes (Chimaeriformes)—they are considered to be “living fossils” of a vanished past. However, the species diversity, host associations and biogeography of these most basal tapeworms are poorly known. Herein, we provide evidence of a conspicuous contrast between the genetic and morphological data based on an examination of newly collected and properly processed Gyrocotyle specimens (hologenophores) isolated from holocephalans off Taiwan and Argentina. Our molecular data, inferred from three genes ( COI, 28S rRNA, 18S rRNA ), showed unexpected genetic interrelationships among isolates of the genus Gyrocotyle , because each of the four genotypes from Taiwan clustered with isolates of distinct gyrocotylideans from the North Atlantic. Three genotypes of Gyrocotyle from Taiwan were morphologically almost indistinguishable from each other but represented distinct genetic lineages; a single specimen of Gyrocotyle sp. genotype 4 exhibited a clear genetic and morphological distinctness, though its formal description as a new species would be premature. Additionally, specimens of Gyrocotyle rugosa Diesing, 1850, from the type host Callorhinchus callorynchus from Argentina, provided the first genetic data on the type species of the genus and enabled us to characterise it, which is necessary for future taxonomic studies. The finding of some specimens of Gyrocotyle sp. genotype 3 in Chimaera phantasma , and another one in C. cf. argiloba , together with the putative conspecificity of an unidentified gyrocotylidean from Callorhinchus milii off Australia and G. rugosa from C. callorynchus off Argentina, represent evidence that one gyrocotylidean species may parasitise more than one holocephalan host species. Existing taxonomic problems and conflicts between morphological and molecular data on species of Gyrocotyle can only be resolved if hologenophores from type hosts and localities of nominal taxa are properly characterised genetically and morphologically. Article in Journal/Newspaper North Atlantic Springer Nature (via Crossref) Argentina Rugosa ENVELOPE(-61.250,-61.250,-62.633,-62.633) Scientific Reports 11 1 |
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Open Polar |
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Springer Nature (via Crossref) |
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crspringernat |
language |
English |
topic |
Multidisciplinary |
spellingShingle |
Multidisciplinary Barčák, Daniel Fan, Chia-Kwung Sonko, Pasaikou Kuchta, Roman Scholz, Tomáš Orosová, Martina Chen, Hsuan-Wien Oros, Mikuláš Hidden diversity of the most basal tapeworms (Cestoda, Gyrocotylidea), the enigmatic parasites of holocephalans (Chimaeriformes) |
topic_facet |
Multidisciplinary |
description |
Abstract Gyrocotylideans are evolutionary ancient parasitic flatworms, and like their hosts—a relict group of holocephalan fishes (Chimaeriformes)—they are considered to be “living fossils” of a vanished past. However, the species diversity, host associations and biogeography of these most basal tapeworms are poorly known. Herein, we provide evidence of a conspicuous contrast between the genetic and morphological data based on an examination of newly collected and properly processed Gyrocotyle specimens (hologenophores) isolated from holocephalans off Taiwan and Argentina. Our molecular data, inferred from three genes ( COI, 28S rRNA, 18S rRNA ), showed unexpected genetic interrelationships among isolates of the genus Gyrocotyle , because each of the four genotypes from Taiwan clustered with isolates of distinct gyrocotylideans from the North Atlantic. Three genotypes of Gyrocotyle from Taiwan were morphologically almost indistinguishable from each other but represented distinct genetic lineages; a single specimen of Gyrocotyle sp. genotype 4 exhibited a clear genetic and morphological distinctness, though its formal description as a new species would be premature. Additionally, specimens of Gyrocotyle rugosa Diesing, 1850, from the type host Callorhinchus callorynchus from Argentina, provided the first genetic data on the type species of the genus and enabled us to characterise it, which is necessary for future taxonomic studies. The finding of some specimens of Gyrocotyle sp. genotype 3 in Chimaera phantasma , and another one in C. cf. argiloba , together with the putative conspecificity of an unidentified gyrocotylidean from Callorhinchus milii off Australia and G. rugosa from C. callorynchus off Argentina, represent evidence that one gyrocotylidean species may parasitise more than one holocephalan host species. Existing taxonomic problems and conflicts between morphological and molecular data on species of Gyrocotyle can only be resolved if hologenophores from type hosts and localities of nominal taxa are properly characterised genetically and morphologically. |
author2 |
Slovak Academy of Sciences Ministry of Sciences and Technology, Taiwan Grantová Agentura České Republiky Biologick |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Barčák, Daniel Fan, Chia-Kwung Sonko, Pasaikou Kuchta, Roman Scholz, Tomáš Orosová, Martina Chen, Hsuan-Wien Oros, Mikuláš |
author_facet |
Barčák, Daniel Fan, Chia-Kwung Sonko, Pasaikou Kuchta, Roman Scholz, Tomáš Orosová, Martina Chen, Hsuan-Wien Oros, Mikuláš |
author_sort |
Barčák, Daniel |
title |
Hidden diversity of the most basal tapeworms (Cestoda, Gyrocotylidea), the enigmatic parasites of holocephalans (Chimaeriformes) |
title_short |
Hidden diversity of the most basal tapeworms (Cestoda, Gyrocotylidea), the enigmatic parasites of holocephalans (Chimaeriformes) |
title_full |
Hidden diversity of the most basal tapeworms (Cestoda, Gyrocotylidea), the enigmatic parasites of holocephalans (Chimaeriformes) |
title_fullStr |
Hidden diversity of the most basal tapeworms (Cestoda, Gyrocotylidea), the enigmatic parasites of holocephalans (Chimaeriformes) |
title_full_unstemmed |
Hidden diversity of the most basal tapeworms (Cestoda, Gyrocotylidea), the enigmatic parasites of holocephalans (Chimaeriformes) |
title_sort |
hidden diversity of the most basal tapeworms (cestoda, gyrocotylidea), the enigmatic parasites of holocephalans (chimaeriformes) |
publisher |
Springer Science and Business Media LLC |
publishDate |
2021 |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-84613-y http://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-021-84613-y.pdf http://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-021-84613-y |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(-61.250,-61.250,-62.633,-62.633) |
geographic |
Argentina Rugosa |
geographic_facet |
Argentina Rugosa |
genre |
North Atlantic |
genre_facet |
North Atlantic |
op_source |
Scientific Reports volume 11, issue 1 ISSN 2045-2322 |
op_rights |
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 |
op_rightsnorm |
CC-BY |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-84613-y |
container_title |
Scientific Reports |
container_volume |
11 |
container_issue |
1 |
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1766134987567923200 |