Interannual and seasonal asymmetries in Gulf Stream Ring Formations from 1980 to 2019
Abstract As the Gulf Stream separates from the coast, it sheds both Warm and Cold Core Rings between $$75^\circ$$ 75 ∘ and $$55^\circ \,\hbox {W}$$ 55 ∘ W . We present evidence that this ring formation behavior has been asymmetric over both interannual and seasonal time-scales. After a previously re...
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2021
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Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-81827-y http://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-021-81827-y.pdf http://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-021-81827-y |
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crspringernat:10.1038/s41598-021-81827-y 2023-05-15T17:34:19+02:00 Interannual and seasonal asymmetries in Gulf Stream Ring Formations from 1980 to 2019 Silver, Adrienne Gangopadhyay, Avijit Gawarkiewicz, Glen Silva, E. Nishchitha S. Clark, Jenifer National Science Foundation University of Massachusetts Dartmouth National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration School for Marine Science and Technology 2021 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-81827-y http://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-021-81827-y.pdf http://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-021-81827-y en eng Springer Science and Business Media LLC https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 CC-BY Scientific Reports volume 11, issue 1 ISSN 2045-2322 Multidisciplinary journal-article 2021 crspringernat https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-81827-y 2022-01-04T10:10:00Z Abstract As the Gulf Stream separates from the coast, it sheds both Warm and Cold Core Rings between $$75^\circ$$ 75 ∘ and $$55^\circ \,\hbox {W}$$ 55 ∘ W . We present evidence that this ring formation behavior has been asymmetric over both interannual and seasonal time-scales. After a previously reported regime-shift in 2000, 15 more Warm Core Rings have been forming yearly compared to 1980–1999. In contrast, there have been no changes in the annual formation rate of the Cold Core Rings. This increase in Warm Core Ring production leads to an excess heat transfer of 0.10 PW to the Slope Sea, amounting to 7.7–12.4% of the total Gulf Stream heat transport, or 5.4–7.3% of the global oceanic heat budget at $$30^\circ \,\hbox {N}$$ 30 ∘ N . Seasonally, more Cold Core Rings are produced in the winter and spring and more Warm Core Rings are produced in the summer and fall leading to more summertime heat transfer to the north of the Stream. The seasonal cycle of relative ring formation numbers is strongly correlated (r = 0.82) with that of the difference in upper layer temperatures between the Sargasso and Slope seas. This quantification motivates future efforts to understand the recent increasing influence of the Gulf Stream on the circulation and ecosystem in the western North Atlantic. Article in Journal/Newspaper North Atlantic Springer Nature (via Crossref) Scientific Reports 11 1 |
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Springer Nature (via Crossref) |
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English |
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Multidisciplinary |
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Multidisciplinary Silver, Adrienne Gangopadhyay, Avijit Gawarkiewicz, Glen Silva, E. Nishchitha S. Clark, Jenifer Interannual and seasonal asymmetries in Gulf Stream Ring Formations from 1980 to 2019 |
topic_facet |
Multidisciplinary |
description |
Abstract As the Gulf Stream separates from the coast, it sheds both Warm and Cold Core Rings between $$75^\circ$$ 75 ∘ and $$55^\circ \,\hbox {W}$$ 55 ∘ W . We present evidence that this ring formation behavior has been asymmetric over both interannual and seasonal time-scales. After a previously reported regime-shift in 2000, 15 more Warm Core Rings have been forming yearly compared to 1980–1999. In contrast, there have been no changes in the annual formation rate of the Cold Core Rings. This increase in Warm Core Ring production leads to an excess heat transfer of 0.10 PW to the Slope Sea, amounting to 7.7–12.4% of the total Gulf Stream heat transport, or 5.4–7.3% of the global oceanic heat budget at $$30^\circ \,\hbox {N}$$ 30 ∘ N . Seasonally, more Cold Core Rings are produced in the winter and spring and more Warm Core Rings are produced in the summer and fall leading to more summertime heat transfer to the north of the Stream. The seasonal cycle of relative ring formation numbers is strongly correlated (r = 0.82) with that of the difference in upper layer temperatures between the Sargasso and Slope seas. This quantification motivates future efforts to understand the recent increasing influence of the Gulf Stream on the circulation and ecosystem in the western North Atlantic. |
author2 |
National Science Foundation University of Massachusetts Dartmouth National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration School for Marine Science and Technology |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Silver, Adrienne Gangopadhyay, Avijit Gawarkiewicz, Glen Silva, E. Nishchitha S. Clark, Jenifer |
author_facet |
Silver, Adrienne Gangopadhyay, Avijit Gawarkiewicz, Glen Silva, E. Nishchitha S. Clark, Jenifer |
author_sort |
Silver, Adrienne |
title |
Interannual and seasonal asymmetries in Gulf Stream Ring Formations from 1980 to 2019 |
title_short |
Interannual and seasonal asymmetries in Gulf Stream Ring Formations from 1980 to 2019 |
title_full |
Interannual and seasonal asymmetries in Gulf Stream Ring Formations from 1980 to 2019 |
title_fullStr |
Interannual and seasonal asymmetries in Gulf Stream Ring Formations from 1980 to 2019 |
title_full_unstemmed |
Interannual and seasonal asymmetries in Gulf Stream Ring Formations from 1980 to 2019 |
title_sort |
interannual and seasonal asymmetries in gulf stream ring formations from 1980 to 2019 |
publisher |
Springer Science and Business Media LLC |
publishDate |
2021 |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-81827-y http://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-021-81827-y.pdf http://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-021-81827-y |
genre |
North Atlantic |
genre_facet |
North Atlantic |
op_source |
Scientific Reports volume 11, issue 1 ISSN 2045-2322 |
op_rights |
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 |
op_rightsnorm |
CC-BY |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-81827-y |
container_title |
Scientific Reports |
container_volume |
11 |
container_issue |
1 |
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1766133114482982912 |