Climatic and societal impacts of a “forgotten” cluster of volcanic eruptions in 1108-1110 CE
Abstract Recently revised ice core chronologies for Greenland have newly identified one of the largest sulfate deposition signals of the last millennium as occurring between 1108 and 1113 CE. Long considered the product of the 1104 CE Hekla (Iceland) eruption, this event can now be associated with s...
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crspringernat:10.1038/s41598-020-63339-3 2023-05-15T14:08:31+02:00 Climatic and societal impacts of a “forgotten” cluster of volcanic eruptions in 1108-1110 CE Guillet, Sébastien Corona, Christophe Ludlow, Francis Oppenheimer, Clive Stoffel, Markus 2020 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-63339-3 http://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-63339-3.pdf http://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-63339-3 en eng Springer Science and Business Media LLC https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 CC-BY Scientific Reports volume 10, issue 1 ISSN 2045-2322 Multidisciplinary journal-article 2020 crspringernat https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-63339-3 2022-01-04T15:40:31Z Abstract Recently revised ice core chronologies for Greenland have newly identified one of the largest sulfate deposition signals of the last millennium as occurring between 1108 and 1113 CE. Long considered the product of the 1104 CE Hekla (Iceland) eruption, this event can now be associated with substantial deposition seen in Antarctica under a similarly revised chronology. This newly recognized bipolar deposition episode has consequently been deemed to reveal a previously unknown major tropical eruption in 1108 CE. Here we show that a unique medieval observation of a “dark” total lunar eclipse attests to a dust veil over Europe in May 1110 CE, corroborating the revised ice-core chronologies. Furthermore, careful evaluation of ice core records points to the occurrence of several closely spaced volcanic eruptions between 1108 and 1110 CE. The sources of these eruptions remain unknown, but we propose that Mt. Asama, whose largest Holocene eruption occurred in August 1108 CE and is credibly documented by a contemporary Japanese observer, is a plausible contributor to the elevated sulfate in Greenland. Dendroclimatology and historical documentation both attest, moreover, to severe climatic anomalies following the proposed eruptions, likely providing the environmental preconditions for subsistence crises experienced in Western Europe between 1109 and 1111 CE. Article in Journal/Newspaper Antarc* Antarctica Greenland Hekla ice core Iceland Springer Nature (via Crossref) Greenland Scientific Reports 10 1 |
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Springer Nature (via Crossref) |
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English |
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Multidisciplinary Guillet, Sébastien Corona, Christophe Ludlow, Francis Oppenheimer, Clive Stoffel, Markus Climatic and societal impacts of a “forgotten” cluster of volcanic eruptions in 1108-1110 CE |
topic_facet |
Multidisciplinary |
description |
Abstract Recently revised ice core chronologies for Greenland have newly identified one of the largest sulfate deposition signals of the last millennium as occurring between 1108 and 1113 CE. Long considered the product of the 1104 CE Hekla (Iceland) eruption, this event can now be associated with substantial deposition seen in Antarctica under a similarly revised chronology. This newly recognized bipolar deposition episode has consequently been deemed to reveal a previously unknown major tropical eruption in 1108 CE. Here we show that a unique medieval observation of a “dark” total lunar eclipse attests to a dust veil over Europe in May 1110 CE, corroborating the revised ice-core chronologies. Furthermore, careful evaluation of ice core records points to the occurrence of several closely spaced volcanic eruptions between 1108 and 1110 CE. The sources of these eruptions remain unknown, but we propose that Mt. Asama, whose largest Holocene eruption occurred in August 1108 CE and is credibly documented by a contemporary Japanese observer, is a plausible contributor to the elevated sulfate in Greenland. Dendroclimatology and historical documentation both attest, moreover, to severe climatic anomalies following the proposed eruptions, likely providing the environmental preconditions for subsistence crises experienced in Western Europe between 1109 and 1111 CE. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Guillet, Sébastien Corona, Christophe Ludlow, Francis Oppenheimer, Clive Stoffel, Markus |
author_facet |
Guillet, Sébastien Corona, Christophe Ludlow, Francis Oppenheimer, Clive Stoffel, Markus |
author_sort |
Guillet, Sébastien |
title |
Climatic and societal impacts of a “forgotten” cluster of volcanic eruptions in 1108-1110 CE |
title_short |
Climatic and societal impacts of a “forgotten” cluster of volcanic eruptions in 1108-1110 CE |
title_full |
Climatic and societal impacts of a “forgotten” cluster of volcanic eruptions in 1108-1110 CE |
title_fullStr |
Climatic and societal impacts of a “forgotten” cluster of volcanic eruptions in 1108-1110 CE |
title_full_unstemmed |
Climatic and societal impacts of a “forgotten” cluster of volcanic eruptions in 1108-1110 CE |
title_sort |
climatic and societal impacts of a “forgotten” cluster of volcanic eruptions in 1108-1110 ce |
publisher |
Springer Science and Business Media LLC |
publishDate |
2020 |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-63339-3 http://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-63339-3.pdf http://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-63339-3 |
geographic |
Greenland |
geographic_facet |
Greenland |
genre |
Antarc* Antarctica Greenland Hekla ice core Iceland |
genre_facet |
Antarc* Antarctica Greenland Hekla ice core Iceland |
op_source |
Scientific Reports volume 10, issue 1 ISSN 2045-2322 |
op_rights |
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 |
op_rightsnorm |
CC-BY |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-63339-3 |
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Scientific Reports |
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10 |
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1 |
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1766280543731712000 |