Sea-ice derived meltwater stratification slows the biological carbon pump: results from continuous observations

• Published in: Nature Communications
• Main Authors: von Appen, Wilken-Jon, Waite, Anya M., Bergmann, Melanie, Bienhold, Christina, Boebel, Olaf, Bracher, Astrid, Cisewski, Boris, Hagemann, Jonas, Hoppema, Mario, Iversen, Morten H., Konrad, Christian, Krumpen, Thomas, Lochthofen, Normen, Metfies, Katja, Niehoff, Barbara, Nöthig, Eva-Maria, Purser, Autun, Salter, Ian, Schaber, Matthias, Scholz, Daniel, Soltwedel, Thomas, Torres-Valdes, Sinhue, Wekerle, Claudia, Wenzhöfer, Frank, Wietz, Matthias, Boetius, Antje
• Other Authors: Ocean Frontier Institute, Helmholtz Association
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: English
• Published: Springer Science and Business Media LLC 2021
• Subjects: General Physics and Astronomy; General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology; General Chemistry; Arctic; Baffin Bay; Greenland; Baffin; Fram Strait; Greenland Sea; Labrador Sea; North Atlantic; Sea ice
• Online Access: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-26943-z; https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-021-26943-z.pdf; https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-021-26943-z

Abstract The ocean moderates the world’s climate through absorption of heat and carbon, but how much carbon the ocean will continue to absorb remains unknown. The North Atlantic Ocean west (Baffin Bay/Labrador Sea) and east (Fram Strait/Greenland Sea) of Greenland features the most intense absorption of anthropogenic carbon globally; the biological carbon pump (BCP) contributes substantially. As Arctic sea-ice melts, the BCP changes, impacting global climate and other critical ocean attributes (e.g. biodiversity). Full understanding requires year-round observations across a range of ice conditions. Here we present such observations: autonomously collected Eulerian continuous 24-month time-series in Fram Strait. We show that, compared to ice-unaffected conditions, sea-ice derived meltwater stratification slows the BCP by 4 months, a shift from an export to a retention system, with measurable impacts on benthic communities. This has implications for ecosystem dynamics in the future warmer Arctic where the seasonal ice zone is expected to expand.