Shipping operations support in the “High North”: examining availability of icebreakers along the Northern Sea Route
Abstract A rather significant number of business entities already operate within (or, have considered to exploit) the Arctic region, focusing upon previously untapped resources such as precious minerals and large quantities of oil and gas; touristic and fishing activities are clearly on the rise, wi...
Published in: | WMU Journal of Maritime Affairs |
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Main Authors: | , , |
Format: | Article in Journal/Newspaper |
Language: | English |
Published: |
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
2018
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Subjects: | |
Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13437-018-0142-7 https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s13437-018-0142-7/fulltext.html https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s13437-018-0142-7.pdf |
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crspringernat:10.1007/s13437-018-0142-7 |
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Open Polar |
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Springer Nature (via Crossref) |
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crspringernat |
language |
English |
topic |
Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law Safety Research Transportation Human Factors and Ergonomics |
spellingShingle |
Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law Safety Research Transportation Human Factors and Ergonomics Dalaklis, Dimitrios Drewniak, Megan L. Schröder-Hinrichs, Jens-Uwe Shipping operations support in the “High North”: examining availability of icebreakers along the Northern Sea Route |
topic_facet |
Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law Safety Research Transportation Human Factors and Ergonomics |
description |
Abstract A rather significant number of business entities already operate within (or, have considered to exploit) the Arctic region, focusing upon previously untapped resources such as precious minerals and large quantities of oil and gas; touristic and fishing activities are clearly on the rise, with various endeavors of maritime transport also being put forward. Up until recently, harsh year-long environmental conditions have significantly hindered the necessary access and transport connections in the Arctic. Even in the case that weather conditions did permit vessels’ passage, unreliable navigational aids and lack of infrastructure/support provided obstacles difficult to overcome. However, environmental data recorded during the last couple of decades clearly indicates that there is a continuous decline of ice coverage in the “High North.” Given this steady decline, the Arctic has now been viewed as a promising field for economic activities and is considered as a potential connecting corridor between Asia and Europe/America (and vice-versa). As human presence and operations are expected to intensify there, it is of utmost importance to evaluate the current level of support towards ships that will be crossing the region; capabilities in relation to search and rescue (SAR) operations and oil spill response are also important. The analysis in hand will first deliver a discussion of the so-called Arctic Passages. While various different maritime routes have been proposed in relation to the Arctic, the most promising one, the Northern Sea Route (NSR), will provide the epicenter of discussion. Through an extensive literature review that includes numerous internet resources, the current analysis will identify the numbers of icebreakers already operating in the NSR, as well as those that will be commissioned into service in the near future. The choice to research the specific type of vessels is supported by a simple argument: icebreakers currently are and will continue to be in the foreseeable future the main “tool” to support shipping activities in the Arctic. Furthermore, emergency management capabilities in the Russian Arctic will be examined to include the current state of rescue coordination centres along with the availability of SAR assets. Additionally, the efforts thus far by the Arctic Council to increase coordination and interaction among the States involved in Arctic affairs will be summarized; the latter will be achieved via a brief review of a very important legally binding agreement: the “search and rescue” instrument. In conclusion, the Russian State has already heavily invested in icebreakers’ building and their current number is fully capable to handle the present level of limited traffic. On the other hand, ships are currently faced with long distances to cross (often without adequate support) adverse environmental conditions, unpredictable hurdles, and slow response times in case of an emergency. Therefore, in case ships operating in the region are increased, it will be difficult to deal with all the additional demands for support. Of particular interest is the fact that considering the vast area of the NSR, the overall available response capabilities in the region under discussion are rather thin; any further increase of maritime traffic in the “High North” must be balanced with additional strengthening of emergency management capabilities. In any case, should the NSR become fully integrated in the global maritime transport system, Russia’s geopolitical status will be clearly improved and further research is needed to discuss the implications both at the regional and global levels. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Dalaklis, Dimitrios Drewniak, Megan L. Schröder-Hinrichs, Jens-Uwe |
author_facet |
Dalaklis, Dimitrios Drewniak, Megan L. Schröder-Hinrichs, Jens-Uwe |
author_sort |
Dalaklis, Dimitrios |
title |
Shipping operations support in the “High North”: examining availability of icebreakers along the Northern Sea Route |
title_short |
Shipping operations support in the “High North”: examining availability of icebreakers along the Northern Sea Route |
title_full |
Shipping operations support in the “High North”: examining availability of icebreakers along the Northern Sea Route |
title_fullStr |
Shipping operations support in the “High North”: examining availability of icebreakers along the Northern Sea Route |
title_full_unstemmed |
Shipping operations support in the “High North”: examining availability of icebreakers along the Northern Sea Route |
title_sort |
shipping operations support in the “high north”: examining availability of icebreakers along the northern sea route |
publisher |
Springer Science and Business Media LLC |
publishDate |
2018 |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13437-018-0142-7 https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s13437-018-0142-7/fulltext.html https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s13437-018-0142-7.pdf |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(161.983,161.983,-78.000,-78.000) |
geographic |
Arctic Handle The |
geographic_facet |
Arctic Handle The |
genre |
Arctic Council Arctic Northern Sea Route |
genre_facet |
Arctic Council Arctic Northern Sea Route |
op_source |
WMU Journal of Maritime Affairs volume 17, issue 2, page 129-147 ISSN 1651-436X 1654-1642 |
op_rights |
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ |
op_rightsnorm |
CC-BY |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1007/s13437-018-0142-7 |
container_title |
WMU Journal of Maritime Affairs |
container_volume |
17 |
container_issue |
2 |
container_start_page |
129 |
op_container_end_page |
147 |
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1766304704031096832 |
spelling |
crspringernat:10.1007/s13437-018-0142-7 2023-05-15T14:30:57+02:00 Shipping operations support in the “High North”: examining availability of icebreakers along the Northern Sea Route Dalaklis, Dimitrios Drewniak, Megan L. Schröder-Hinrichs, Jens-Uwe 2018 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13437-018-0142-7 https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s13437-018-0142-7/fulltext.html https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s13437-018-0142-7.pdf en eng Springer Science and Business Media LLC https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ CC-BY WMU Journal of Maritime Affairs volume 17, issue 2, page 129-147 ISSN 1651-436X 1654-1642 Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law Safety Research Transportation Human Factors and Ergonomics journal-article 2018 crspringernat https://doi.org/10.1007/s13437-018-0142-7 2022-01-04T16:54:15Z Abstract A rather significant number of business entities already operate within (or, have considered to exploit) the Arctic region, focusing upon previously untapped resources such as precious minerals and large quantities of oil and gas; touristic and fishing activities are clearly on the rise, with various endeavors of maritime transport also being put forward. Up until recently, harsh year-long environmental conditions have significantly hindered the necessary access and transport connections in the Arctic. Even in the case that weather conditions did permit vessels’ passage, unreliable navigational aids and lack of infrastructure/support provided obstacles difficult to overcome. However, environmental data recorded during the last couple of decades clearly indicates that there is a continuous decline of ice coverage in the “High North.” Given this steady decline, the Arctic has now been viewed as a promising field for economic activities and is considered as a potential connecting corridor between Asia and Europe/America (and vice-versa). As human presence and operations are expected to intensify there, it is of utmost importance to evaluate the current level of support towards ships that will be crossing the region; capabilities in relation to search and rescue (SAR) operations and oil spill response are also important. The analysis in hand will first deliver a discussion of the so-called Arctic Passages. While various different maritime routes have been proposed in relation to the Arctic, the most promising one, the Northern Sea Route (NSR), will provide the epicenter of discussion. Through an extensive literature review that includes numerous internet resources, the current analysis will identify the numbers of icebreakers already operating in the NSR, as well as those that will be commissioned into service in the near future. The choice to research the specific type of vessels is supported by a simple argument: icebreakers currently are and will continue to be in the foreseeable future the main “tool” to support shipping activities in the Arctic. Furthermore, emergency management capabilities in the Russian Arctic will be examined to include the current state of rescue coordination centres along with the availability of SAR assets. Additionally, the efforts thus far by the Arctic Council to increase coordination and interaction among the States involved in Arctic affairs will be summarized; the latter will be achieved via a brief review of a very important legally binding agreement: the “search and rescue” instrument. In conclusion, the Russian State has already heavily invested in icebreakers’ building and their current number is fully capable to handle the present level of limited traffic. On the other hand, ships are currently faced with long distances to cross (often without adequate support) adverse environmental conditions, unpredictable hurdles, and slow response times in case of an emergency. Therefore, in case ships operating in the region are increased, it will be difficult to deal with all the additional demands for support. Of particular interest is the fact that considering the vast area of the NSR, the overall available response capabilities in the region under discussion are rather thin; any further increase of maritime traffic in the “High North” must be balanced with additional strengthening of emergency management capabilities. In any case, should the NSR become fully integrated in the global maritime transport system, Russia’s geopolitical status will be clearly improved and further research is needed to discuss the implications both at the regional and global levels. Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Council Arctic Northern Sea Route Springer Nature (via Crossref) Arctic Handle The ENVELOPE(161.983,161.983,-78.000,-78.000) WMU Journal of Maritime Affairs 17 2 129 147 |