Evaluation of Norovirus Reduction in Environmentally Contaminated Pacific Oysters During Laboratory Controlled and Commercial Depuration
Abstract Norovirus contamination of oysters is the lead cause of non-bacterial gastroenteritis and a significant food safety concern for the oyster industry. Here, norovirus reduction from Pacific oysters ( Crassostrea gigas), contaminated in the marine environment, was studied in laboratory depurat...
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Springer Science and Business Media LLC
2021
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Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12560-021-09464-2 https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12560-021-09464-2.pdf https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12560-021-09464-2/fulltext.html |
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crspringernat:10.1007/s12560-021-09464-2 2023-05-15T15:59:01+02:00 Evaluation of Norovirus Reduction in Environmentally Contaminated Pacific Oysters During Laboratory Controlled and Commercial Depuration Rupnik, Agnieszka Doré, William Devilly, Leon Fahy, James Fitzpatrick, Amy Schmidt, Wiebke Hunt, Kevin Butler, Francis Keaveney, Sinéad Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine 2021 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12560-021-09464-2 https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12560-021-09464-2.pdf https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12560-021-09464-2/fulltext.html en eng Springer Science and Business Media LLC https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 CC-BY Food and Environmental Virology volume 13, issue 2, page 229-240 ISSN 1867-0334 1867-0342 Virology Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis Food Science Epidemiology journal-article 2021 crspringernat https://doi.org/10.1007/s12560-021-09464-2 2022-01-04T16:21:25Z Abstract Norovirus contamination of oysters is the lead cause of non-bacterial gastroenteritis and a significant food safety concern for the oyster industry. Here, norovirus reduction from Pacific oysters ( Crassostrea gigas), contaminated in the marine environment, was studied in laboratory depuration trials and in two commercial settings. Norovirus concentrations were measured in oyster digestive tissue before, during and post-depuration using the ISO 15216-1 quantitative real-time RT-PCR method. Results of the laboratory-based studies demonstrate that statistically significant reductions of up to 74% of the initial norovirus GII concentration was achieved after 3 days at 17–21 °C and after 4 days at 11–15 °C, compared to 44% reduction at 7–9 °C. In many trials norovirus GII concentrations were reduced to levels below 100 genome copies per gram (gcg −1 limit of quantitation; LOQ). Virus reduction was also assessed in commercial depuration systems, routinely used by two Irish oyster producers. Up to 68% reduction was recorded for norovirus GI and up to 90% for norovirus GII reducing the geometric mean virus concentration close to or below the LOQ. In both commercial settings there was a significant difference between the levels of reduction of norovirus GI compared to GII ( p < 0.05). Additionally, the ability to reduce the norovirus concentration in oysters to < LOQ differed when contaminated with concentrations below and above 1000 gcg −1 . These results indicate that depuration, carried out at elevated (> 11 °C) water temperatures for at least 3 days, can reduce the concentration of norovirus in oysters and therefore consumer exposure providing a practical risk management tool for the shellfish industry. Article in Journal/Newspaper Crassostrea gigas Springer Nature (via Crossref) Pacific Food and Environmental Virology 13 2 229 240 |
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Open Polar |
collection |
Springer Nature (via Crossref) |
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crspringernat |
language |
English |
topic |
Virology Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis Food Science Epidemiology |
spellingShingle |
Virology Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis Food Science Epidemiology Rupnik, Agnieszka Doré, William Devilly, Leon Fahy, James Fitzpatrick, Amy Schmidt, Wiebke Hunt, Kevin Butler, Francis Keaveney, Sinéad Evaluation of Norovirus Reduction in Environmentally Contaminated Pacific Oysters During Laboratory Controlled and Commercial Depuration |
topic_facet |
Virology Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis Food Science Epidemiology |
description |
Abstract Norovirus contamination of oysters is the lead cause of non-bacterial gastroenteritis and a significant food safety concern for the oyster industry. Here, norovirus reduction from Pacific oysters ( Crassostrea gigas), contaminated in the marine environment, was studied in laboratory depuration trials and in two commercial settings. Norovirus concentrations were measured in oyster digestive tissue before, during and post-depuration using the ISO 15216-1 quantitative real-time RT-PCR method. Results of the laboratory-based studies demonstrate that statistically significant reductions of up to 74% of the initial norovirus GII concentration was achieved after 3 days at 17–21 °C and after 4 days at 11–15 °C, compared to 44% reduction at 7–9 °C. In many trials norovirus GII concentrations were reduced to levels below 100 genome copies per gram (gcg −1 limit of quantitation; LOQ). Virus reduction was also assessed in commercial depuration systems, routinely used by two Irish oyster producers. Up to 68% reduction was recorded for norovirus GI and up to 90% for norovirus GII reducing the geometric mean virus concentration close to or below the LOQ. In both commercial settings there was a significant difference between the levels of reduction of norovirus GI compared to GII ( p < 0.05). Additionally, the ability to reduce the norovirus concentration in oysters to < LOQ differed when contaminated with concentrations below and above 1000 gcg −1 . These results indicate that depuration, carried out at elevated (> 11 °C) water temperatures for at least 3 days, can reduce the concentration of norovirus in oysters and therefore consumer exposure providing a practical risk management tool for the shellfish industry. |
author2 |
Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Rupnik, Agnieszka Doré, William Devilly, Leon Fahy, James Fitzpatrick, Amy Schmidt, Wiebke Hunt, Kevin Butler, Francis Keaveney, Sinéad |
author_facet |
Rupnik, Agnieszka Doré, William Devilly, Leon Fahy, James Fitzpatrick, Amy Schmidt, Wiebke Hunt, Kevin Butler, Francis Keaveney, Sinéad |
author_sort |
Rupnik, Agnieszka |
title |
Evaluation of Norovirus Reduction in Environmentally Contaminated Pacific Oysters During Laboratory Controlled and Commercial Depuration |
title_short |
Evaluation of Norovirus Reduction in Environmentally Contaminated Pacific Oysters During Laboratory Controlled and Commercial Depuration |
title_full |
Evaluation of Norovirus Reduction in Environmentally Contaminated Pacific Oysters During Laboratory Controlled and Commercial Depuration |
title_fullStr |
Evaluation of Norovirus Reduction in Environmentally Contaminated Pacific Oysters During Laboratory Controlled and Commercial Depuration |
title_full_unstemmed |
Evaluation of Norovirus Reduction in Environmentally Contaminated Pacific Oysters During Laboratory Controlled and Commercial Depuration |
title_sort |
evaluation of norovirus reduction in environmentally contaminated pacific oysters during laboratory controlled and commercial depuration |
publisher |
Springer Science and Business Media LLC |
publishDate |
2021 |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12560-021-09464-2 https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12560-021-09464-2.pdf https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12560-021-09464-2/fulltext.html |
geographic |
Pacific |
geographic_facet |
Pacific |
genre |
Crassostrea gigas |
genre_facet |
Crassostrea gigas |
op_source |
Food and Environmental Virology volume 13, issue 2, page 229-240 ISSN 1867-0334 1867-0342 |
op_rights |
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 |
op_rightsnorm |
CC-BY |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12560-021-09464-2 |
container_title |
Food and Environmental Virology |
container_volume |
13 |
container_issue |
2 |
container_start_page |
229 |
op_container_end_page |
240 |
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1766394799137488896 |