Magnetic properties of surface sediments in Schirmacher Oasis, East Antarctica: spatial distribution and controlling factors
Abstract Purpose We investigated the magnetic properties (abundance, grain size, and mineralogy) of iron oxides present in Lake L-55 sediments, Schirmacher Oasis, East Antarctica, with an aim to understand their spatial distribution and the underlying mechanisms that control their formation and dist...
Published in: | Journal of Soils and Sediments |
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Springer Science and Business Media LLC
2020
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Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11368-020-02824-8 http://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11368-020-02824-8.pdf http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11368-020-02824-8/fulltext.html |
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crspringernat:10.1007/s11368-020-02824-8 2023-05-15T14:12:51+02:00 Magnetic properties of surface sediments in Schirmacher Oasis, East Antarctica: spatial distribution and controlling factors Warrier, Anish Kumar Sebastian, Joju George Amrutha, K. Yamuna Sali, A. S. Mahesh, B. S. Mohan, Rahul Ministry of Earth Sciences 2020 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11368-020-02824-8 http://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11368-020-02824-8.pdf http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11368-020-02824-8/fulltext.html en eng Springer Science and Business Media LLC https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 CC-BY Journal of Soils and Sediments volume 21, issue 2, page 1206-1221 ISSN 1439-0108 1614-7480 Stratigraphy Earth-Surface Processes journal-article 2020 crspringernat https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-020-02824-8 2022-01-14T15:39:28Z Abstract Purpose We investigated the magnetic properties (abundance, grain size, and mineralogy) of iron oxides present in Lake L-55 sediments, Schirmacher Oasis, East Antarctica, with an aim to understand their spatial distribution and the underlying mechanisms that control their formation and distribution. Methods Twenty-five surficial sediments retrieved from different parts of Lake L-55 were subjected to the entire range of environmental magnetic (magnetic susceptibility, anhysteretic remanent magnetization (ARM), isothermal remanent magnetization (IRM)) measurements (at different field strengths). Inter-parametric ratios ( χ ARM /SIRM, χ ARM / χ lf , χ ARM / χ fd , IRM 20 mT /SIRM, IRM 20 mT /ARM, S -ratio, L -ratio) provided insights into the magnetic properties (abundance, grain size, and mineralogy of iron oxides). Scanning electron microscopic-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopic (SEM-EDS) analysis was performed on magnetic extracts from a few sediments. Besides, organic matter (%) was also calculated for the sediment samples. Principal component analysis was performed to gain information on the presence of different components and their relative dominance. Results The iron oxides are strongly magnetic (high values of concentration-dependent parameters). The principal iron oxide is magnetite ( S -ratio > 0.90) which is coarse-grained (multi-domain (MD) and stable single-domain (SSD) grains), and there is no influence of authigenic greigite, bacterial magnetite, and anthropogenic magnetite. The mineralogy is confirmed by SEM-EDS data. The iron oxides are of different grain sizes, and their contribution is in the order of MD > SSD > SP as shown by the principal component analysis. Pedogenic iron oxide minerals seem to be present in the samples whose formation is due to the oxidation of magnetite into hematite. However, they are of SSD size and not SP, suggesting that the intensity of pedogenesis is not sufficient to form SP grains. Conclusion The iron oxide minerals are mainly terrigenous, and the biogenic activity within the lake is not sufficient to modify the ferrimagnetic minerals. Spatial distribution patterns suggest the non-uniform distribution of magnetite/titanomagnetite of varying sizes in the lake basin which is transported by both melt water streams and winds. Article in Journal/Newspaper Antarc* Antarctica East Antarctica Springer Nature (via Crossref) East Antarctica Journal of Soils and Sediments 21 2 1206 1221 |
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Springer Nature (via Crossref) |
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crspringernat |
language |
English |
topic |
Stratigraphy Earth-Surface Processes |
spellingShingle |
Stratigraphy Earth-Surface Processes Warrier, Anish Kumar Sebastian, Joju George Amrutha, K. Yamuna Sali, A. S. Mahesh, B. S. Mohan, Rahul Magnetic properties of surface sediments in Schirmacher Oasis, East Antarctica: spatial distribution and controlling factors |
topic_facet |
Stratigraphy Earth-Surface Processes |
description |
Abstract Purpose We investigated the magnetic properties (abundance, grain size, and mineralogy) of iron oxides present in Lake L-55 sediments, Schirmacher Oasis, East Antarctica, with an aim to understand their spatial distribution and the underlying mechanisms that control their formation and distribution. Methods Twenty-five surficial sediments retrieved from different parts of Lake L-55 were subjected to the entire range of environmental magnetic (magnetic susceptibility, anhysteretic remanent magnetization (ARM), isothermal remanent magnetization (IRM)) measurements (at different field strengths). Inter-parametric ratios ( χ ARM /SIRM, χ ARM / χ lf , χ ARM / χ fd , IRM 20 mT /SIRM, IRM 20 mT /ARM, S -ratio, L -ratio) provided insights into the magnetic properties (abundance, grain size, and mineralogy of iron oxides). Scanning electron microscopic-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopic (SEM-EDS) analysis was performed on magnetic extracts from a few sediments. Besides, organic matter (%) was also calculated for the sediment samples. Principal component analysis was performed to gain information on the presence of different components and their relative dominance. Results The iron oxides are strongly magnetic (high values of concentration-dependent parameters). The principal iron oxide is magnetite ( S -ratio > 0.90) which is coarse-grained (multi-domain (MD) and stable single-domain (SSD) grains), and there is no influence of authigenic greigite, bacterial magnetite, and anthropogenic magnetite. The mineralogy is confirmed by SEM-EDS data. The iron oxides are of different grain sizes, and their contribution is in the order of MD > SSD > SP as shown by the principal component analysis. Pedogenic iron oxide minerals seem to be present in the samples whose formation is due to the oxidation of magnetite into hematite. However, they are of SSD size and not SP, suggesting that the intensity of pedogenesis is not sufficient to form SP grains. Conclusion The iron oxide minerals are mainly terrigenous, and the biogenic activity within the lake is not sufficient to modify the ferrimagnetic minerals. Spatial distribution patterns suggest the non-uniform distribution of magnetite/titanomagnetite of varying sizes in the lake basin which is transported by both melt water streams and winds. |
author2 |
Ministry of Earth Sciences |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Warrier, Anish Kumar Sebastian, Joju George Amrutha, K. Yamuna Sali, A. S. Mahesh, B. S. Mohan, Rahul |
author_facet |
Warrier, Anish Kumar Sebastian, Joju George Amrutha, K. Yamuna Sali, A. S. Mahesh, B. S. Mohan, Rahul |
author_sort |
Warrier, Anish Kumar |
title |
Magnetic properties of surface sediments in Schirmacher Oasis, East Antarctica: spatial distribution and controlling factors |
title_short |
Magnetic properties of surface sediments in Schirmacher Oasis, East Antarctica: spatial distribution and controlling factors |
title_full |
Magnetic properties of surface sediments in Schirmacher Oasis, East Antarctica: spatial distribution and controlling factors |
title_fullStr |
Magnetic properties of surface sediments in Schirmacher Oasis, East Antarctica: spatial distribution and controlling factors |
title_full_unstemmed |
Magnetic properties of surface sediments in Schirmacher Oasis, East Antarctica: spatial distribution and controlling factors |
title_sort |
magnetic properties of surface sediments in schirmacher oasis, east antarctica: spatial distribution and controlling factors |
publisher |
Springer Science and Business Media LLC |
publishDate |
2020 |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11368-020-02824-8 http://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11368-020-02824-8.pdf http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11368-020-02824-8/fulltext.html |
geographic |
East Antarctica |
geographic_facet |
East Antarctica |
genre |
Antarc* Antarctica East Antarctica |
genre_facet |
Antarc* Antarctica East Antarctica |
op_source |
Journal of Soils and Sediments volume 21, issue 2, page 1206-1221 ISSN 1439-0108 1614-7480 |
op_rights |
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 |
op_rightsnorm |
CC-BY |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-020-02824-8 |
container_title |
Journal of Soils and Sediments |
container_volume |
21 |
container_issue |
2 |
container_start_page |
1206 |
op_container_end_page |
1221 |
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1766285204098383872 |