Evaluation of snow cover and snow water equivalent in the continental Arctic in CMIP5 models
Abstract Spatial and temporal patterns of snow cover extent (SCE) and snow water equivalent (SWE) over the terrestrial Arctic are analyzed based on multiple observational datasets and an ensemble of CMIP5 models during 1979–2005. For evaluation of historical simulations of the Coupled Model Intercom...
Published in: | Climate Dynamics |
---|---|
Main Authors: | , |
Other Authors: | , |
Format: | Article in Journal/Newspaper |
Language: | English |
Published: |
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
2020
|
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00382-020-05434-9 https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00382-020-05434-9.pdf https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00382-020-05434-9/fulltext.html |
id |
crspringernat:10.1007/s00382-020-05434-9 |
---|---|
record_format |
openpolar |
spelling |
crspringernat:10.1007/s00382-020-05434-9 2023-05-15T14:54:53+02:00 Evaluation of snow cover and snow water equivalent in the continental Arctic in CMIP5 models Santolaria-Otín, María Zolina, Olga Agence Nationale de la Recherche Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation 2020 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00382-020-05434-9 https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00382-020-05434-9.pdf https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00382-020-05434-9/fulltext.html en eng Springer Science and Business Media LLC https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 CC-BY Climate Dynamics volume 55, issue 11-12, page 2993-3016 ISSN 0930-7575 1432-0894 Atmospheric Science journal-article 2020 crspringernat https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-020-05434-9 2022-01-04T11:50:43Z Abstract Spatial and temporal patterns of snow cover extent (SCE) and snow water equivalent (SWE) over the terrestrial Arctic are analyzed based on multiple observational datasets and an ensemble of CMIP5 models during 1979–2005. For evaluation of historical simulations of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) ensemble, we used two reanalysis products, one satellite-observed product and an ensemble of different datasets. The CMIP5 models tend to significantly underestimate the observed SCE in spring but are in better agreement with observations in autumn; overall, the observed annual SCE cycle is well captured by the CMIP5 ensemble. In contrast, for SWE, the annual cycle is significantly biased, especially over North America, where some models retain snow even in summer, in disagreement with observations. The snow margin position (SMP) in the CMIP5 historical simulations is in better agreement with observations in spring than in autumn, when close agreement across the CMIP5 models is only found in central Siberia. Historical experiments from most CMIP5 models show negative pan-Arctic trends in SCE and SWE. These trends are, however, considerably weaker (and less statistically significant) than those reported from observations. Most CMIP5 models can more accurately capture the trend pattern of SCE than that of SWE, which shows quantitative and qualitative differences with the observed trends over Eurasia. Our results demonstrate the importance of using multiple data sources for the evaluation of snow characteristics in climate models. Further developments should focus on the improvement of both dataset quality and snow representation in climate models, especially ESM-SnowMIP. Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Siberia Springer Nature (via Crossref) Arctic Climate Dynamics 55 11-12 2993 3016 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Springer Nature (via Crossref) |
op_collection_id |
crspringernat |
language |
English |
topic |
Atmospheric Science |
spellingShingle |
Atmospheric Science Santolaria-Otín, María Zolina, Olga Evaluation of snow cover and snow water equivalent in the continental Arctic in CMIP5 models |
topic_facet |
Atmospheric Science |
description |
Abstract Spatial and temporal patterns of snow cover extent (SCE) and snow water equivalent (SWE) over the terrestrial Arctic are analyzed based on multiple observational datasets and an ensemble of CMIP5 models during 1979–2005. For evaluation of historical simulations of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) ensemble, we used two reanalysis products, one satellite-observed product and an ensemble of different datasets. The CMIP5 models tend to significantly underestimate the observed SCE in spring but are in better agreement with observations in autumn; overall, the observed annual SCE cycle is well captured by the CMIP5 ensemble. In contrast, for SWE, the annual cycle is significantly biased, especially over North America, where some models retain snow even in summer, in disagreement with observations. The snow margin position (SMP) in the CMIP5 historical simulations is in better agreement with observations in spring than in autumn, when close agreement across the CMIP5 models is only found in central Siberia. Historical experiments from most CMIP5 models show negative pan-Arctic trends in SCE and SWE. These trends are, however, considerably weaker (and less statistically significant) than those reported from observations. Most CMIP5 models can more accurately capture the trend pattern of SCE than that of SWE, which shows quantitative and qualitative differences with the observed trends over Eurasia. Our results demonstrate the importance of using multiple data sources for the evaluation of snow characteristics in climate models. Further developments should focus on the improvement of both dataset quality and snow representation in climate models, especially ESM-SnowMIP. |
author2 |
Agence Nationale de la Recherche Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Santolaria-Otín, María Zolina, Olga |
author_facet |
Santolaria-Otín, María Zolina, Olga |
author_sort |
Santolaria-Otín, María |
title |
Evaluation of snow cover and snow water equivalent in the continental Arctic in CMIP5 models |
title_short |
Evaluation of snow cover and snow water equivalent in the continental Arctic in CMIP5 models |
title_full |
Evaluation of snow cover and snow water equivalent in the continental Arctic in CMIP5 models |
title_fullStr |
Evaluation of snow cover and snow water equivalent in the continental Arctic in CMIP5 models |
title_full_unstemmed |
Evaluation of snow cover and snow water equivalent in the continental Arctic in CMIP5 models |
title_sort |
evaluation of snow cover and snow water equivalent in the continental arctic in cmip5 models |
publisher |
Springer Science and Business Media LLC |
publishDate |
2020 |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00382-020-05434-9 https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00382-020-05434-9.pdf https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00382-020-05434-9/fulltext.html |
geographic |
Arctic |
geographic_facet |
Arctic |
genre |
Arctic Siberia |
genre_facet |
Arctic Siberia |
op_source |
Climate Dynamics volume 55, issue 11-12, page 2993-3016 ISSN 0930-7575 1432-0894 |
op_rights |
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 |
op_rightsnorm |
CC-BY |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-020-05434-9 |
container_title |
Climate Dynamics |
container_volume |
55 |
container_issue |
11-12 |
container_start_page |
2993 |
op_container_end_page |
3016 |
_version_ |
1766326630794395648 |