Wind-driven changes in Southern Ocean residual circulation, ocean carbon reservoirs and atmospheric CO2
Abstract The effect of idealized wind-driven circulation changes in the Southern Ocean on atmospheric CO 2 and the ocean carbon inventory is investigated using a suite of coarse-resolution, global coupled ocean circulation and biogeochemistry experiments with parameterized eddy activity and only mod...
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2013
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Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00382-012-1650-3 https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00382-012-1650-3.pdf https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00382-012-1650-3/fulltext.html http://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00382-012-1650-3 |
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crspringernat:10.1007/s00382-012-1650-3 2023-05-15T16:02:35+02:00 Wind-driven changes in Southern Ocean residual circulation, ocean carbon reservoirs and atmospheric CO2 Lauderdale, Jonathan M. Garabato, Alberto C. Naveira Oliver, Kevin I. C. Follows, Michael J. Williams, Richard G. 2013 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00382-012-1650-3 https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00382-012-1650-3.pdf https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00382-012-1650-3/fulltext.html http://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00382-012-1650-3 en eng Springer Science and Business Media LLC https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0 CC-BY Climate Dynamics volume 41, issue 7-8, page 2145-2164 ISSN 0930-7575 1432-0894 Atmospheric Science journal-article 2013 crspringernat https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-012-1650-3 2022-01-04T16:32:35Z Abstract The effect of idealized wind-driven circulation changes in the Southern Ocean on atmospheric CO 2 and the ocean carbon inventory is investigated using a suite of coarse-resolution, global coupled ocean circulation and biogeochemistry experiments with parameterized eddy activity and only modest changes in surface buoyancy forcing, each experiment integrated for 5,000 years. A positive correlation is obtained between the meridional overturning or residual circulation in the Southern Ocean and atmospheric CO 2 : stronger or northward-shifted westerly winds in the Southern Hemisphere result in increased residual circulation, greater upwelling of carbon-rich deep waters and oceanic outgassing, which increases atmospheric pCO 2 by ∼20 μatm; weaker or southward-shifted winds lead to the opposing result. The ocean carbon inventory in our model varies through contrasting changes in the saturated, disequilibrium and biogenic (soft-tissue and carbonate) reservoirs, each varying by O(10–100) PgC, all of which contribute to the net anomaly in atmospheric CO 2 . Increased residual overturning deepens the global pycnocline, warming the upper ocean and decreasing the saturated carbon reservoir. Increased upwelling of carbon- and nutrient-rich deep waters and inefficient biological activity results in subduction of unutilized nutrients into the ocean interior, decreasing the biogenic carbon reservoir of intermediate and mode waters ventilating the Northern Hemisphere, and making the disequilibrium carbon reservoir more positive in the mode waters due to the reduced residence time at the surface. Wind-induced changes in the model carbon inventory are dominated by the response of the global pycnocline, although there is an additional abyssal response when the peak westerly winds change their latitude, altering their proximity to Drake Passage and changing the depth extent of the southward return flow of the overturning: a northward shift of the westerly winds isolates dense isopycnals, allowing biogenic carbon to accumulate in the deep ocean of the Southern Hemisphere, while a southward shift shoals dense isopycnals that outcrop in the Southern Ocean and reduces the biogenic carbon store in the deep ocean. Article in Journal/Newspaper Drake Passage Southern Ocean Springer Nature (via Crossref) Drake Passage Southern Ocean Climate Dynamics 41 7-8 2145 2164 |
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Open Polar |
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Springer Nature (via Crossref) |
op_collection_id |
crspringernat |
language |
English |
topic |
Atmospheric Science |
spellingShingle |
Atmospheric Science Lauderdale, Jonathan M. Garabato, Alberto C. Naveira Oliver, Kevin I. C. Follows, Michael J. Williams, Richard G. Wind-driven changes in Southern Ocean residual circulation, ocean carbon reservoirs and atmospheric CO2 |
topic_facet |
Atmospheric Science |
description |
Abstract The effect of idealized wind-driven circulation changes in the Southern Ocean on atmospheric CO 2 and the ocean carbon inventory is investigated using a suite of coarse-resolution, global coupled ocean circulation and biogeochemistry experiments with parameterized eddy activity and only modest changes in surface buoyancy forcing, each experiment integrated for 5,000 years. A positive correlation is obtained between the meridional overturning or residual circulation in the Southern Ocean and atmospheric CO 2 : stronger or northward-shifted westerly winds in the Southern Hemisphere result in increased residual circulation, greater upwelling of carbon-rich deep waters and oceanic outgassing, which increases atmospheric pCO 2 by ∼20 μatm; weaker or southward-shifted winds lead to the opposing result. The ocean carbon inventory in our model varies through contrasting changes in the saturated, disequilibrium and biogenic (soft-tissue and carbonate) reservoirs, each varying by O(10–100) PgC, all of which contribute to the net anomaly in atmospheric CO 2 . Increased residual overturning deepens the global pycnocline, warming the upper ocean and decreasing the saturated carbon reservoir. Increased upwelling of carbon- and nutrient-rich deep waters and inefficient biological activity results in subduction of unutilized nutrients into the ocean interior, decreasing the biogenic carbon reservoir of intermediate and mode waters ventilating the Northern Hemisphere, and making the disequilibrium carbon reservoir more positive in the mode waters due to the reduced residence time at the surface. Wind-induced changes in the model carbon inventory are dominated by the response of the global pycnocline, although there is an additional abyssal response when the peak westerly winds change their latitude, altering their proximity to Drake Passage and changing the depth extent of the southward return flow of the overturning: a northward shift of the westerly winds isolates dense isopycnals, allowing biogenic carbon to accumulate in the deep ocean of the Southern Hemisphere, while a southward shift shoals dense isopycnals that outcrop in the Southern Ocean and reduces the biogenic carbon store in the deep ocean. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Lauderdale, Jonathan M. Garabato, Alberto C. Naveira Oliver, Kevin I. C. Follows, Michael J. Williams, Richard G. |
author_facet |
Lauderdale, Jonathan M. Garabato, Alberto C. Naveira Oliver, Kevin I. C. Follows, Michael J. Williams, Richard G. |
author_sort |
Lauderdale, Jonathan M. |
title |
Wind-driven changes in Southern Ocean residual circulation, ocean carbon reservoirs and atmospheric CO2 |
title_short |
Wind-driven changes in Southern Ocean residual circulation, ocean carbon reservoirs and atmospheric CO2 |
title_full |
Wind-driven changes in Southern Ocean residual circulation, ocean carbon reservoirs and atmospheric CO2 |
title_fullStr |
Wind-driven changes in Southern Ocean residual circulation, ocean carbon reservoirs and atmospheric CO2 |
title_full_unstemmed |
Wind-driven changes in Southern Ocean residual circulation, ocean carbon reservoirs and atmospheric CO2 |
title_sort |
wind-driven changes in southern ocean residual circulation, ocean carbon reservoirs and atmospheric co2 |
publisher |
Springer Science and Business Media LLC |
publishDate |
2013 |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00382-012-1650-3 https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00382-012-1650-3.pdf https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00382-012-1650-3/fulltext.html http://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00382-012-1650-3 |
geographic |
Drake Passage Southern Ocean |
geographic_facet |
Drake Passage Southern Ocean |
genre |
Drake Passage Southern Ocean |
genre_facet |
Drake Passage Southern Ocean |
op_source |
Climate Dynamics volume 41, issue 7-8, page 2145-2164 ISSN 0930-7575 1432-0894 |
op_rights |
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0 |
op_rightsnorm |
CC-BY |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-012-1650-3 |
container_title |
Climate Dynamics |
container_volume |
41 |
container_issue |
7-8 |
container_start_page |
2145 |
op_container_end_page |
2164 |
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1766398253025198080 |