Reconstructing an Emergency Evacuation by Ground and Air the wildfire in Fort McMurray, alberta, Canada
The May 2016 wildfire in Fort McMurray in northern Alberta, Canada—the costliest wildfire disaster in Canadian history—led to an areawide evacuation by road and air. Traffic count and flight data were used to assess the characteristics of the evacuation, including estimates of people movements by ve...
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crsagepubl:10.3141/2604-08 2024-09-15T18:06:55+00:00 Reconstructing an Emergency Evacuation by Ground and Air the wildfire in Fort McMurray, alberta, Canada Woo, Matthew Hui, Kathy Tin Ying Ren, Kexin Gan, Kai Ernn Kim, Amy 2017 http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2604-08 http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.3141/2604-08 en eng SAGE Publications http://journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board volume 2604, issue 1, page 63-70 ISSN 0361-1981 2169-4052 journal-article 2017 crsagepubl https://doi.org/10.3141/2604-08 2024-09-03T04:20:07Z The May 2016 wildfire in Fort McMurray in northern Alberta, Canada—the costliest wildfire disaster in Canadian history—led to an areawide evacuation by road and air. Traffic count and flight data were used to assess the characteristics of the evacuation, including estimates of people movements by vehicle and aircraft. The vehicle counts were compared first with historic values to examine traffic patterns and were then used to create an evacuation response curve, which revealed an expected S-shaped curve and highlighted how quickly the evacuation occurred. Finally, data for people evacuated by aircraft were combined with data for people evacuated by ground vehicle to construct a curve of the cumulative number of evacuees leaving the region. This study identified several key implications for evacuation planning and operations. The decision to evacuate residents to temporary shelters in the north was instrumental in the quick removal of everyone from immediate danger via all possible exits. Although an unplanned contraflow operation added roadway capacity out of Fort McMurray, the underuse of the secondary route suggested that the management of traffic routing might have reduced congestion. The evacuation response curve emphasized the volatility of the wildfires, with the resulting evacuations occurring under conditions of a greater immediacy than hurricane evacuations. Finally, the significant role of air transportation in this evacuation indicated that multimodal emergency evacuation plans may be critical for remote communities and sparse networks. These findings may be applied to evacuation planning and policy to improve the efficiency and efficacy of evacuations. Article in Journal/Newspaper Fort McMurray SAGE Publications Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2604 1 63 70 |
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The May 2016 wildfire in Fort McMurray in northern Alberta, Canada—the costliest wildfire disaster in Canadian history—led to an areawide evacuation by road and air. Traffic count and flight data were used to assess the characteristics of the evacuation, including estimates of people movements by vehicle and aircraft. The vehicle counts were compared first with historic values to examine traffic patterns and were then used to create an evacuation response curve, which revealed an expected S-shaped curve and highlighted how quickly the evacuation occurred. Finally, data for people evacuated by aircraft were combined with data for people evacuated by ground vehicle to construct a curve of the cumulative number of evacuees leaving the region. This study identified several key implications for evacuation planning and operations. The decision to evacuate residents to temporary shelters in the north was instrumental in the quick removal of everyone from immediate danger via all possible exits. Although an unplanned contraflow operation added roadway capacity out of Fort McMurray, the underuse of the secondary route suggested that the management of traffic routing might have reduced congestion. The evacuation response curve emphasized the volatility of the wildfires, with the resulting evacuations occurring under conditions of a greater immediacy than hurricane evacuations. Finally, the significant role of air transportation in this evacuation indicated that multimodal emergency evacuation plans may be critical for remote communities and sparse networks. These findings may be applied to evacuation planning and policy to improve the efficiency and efficacy of evacuations. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Woo, Matthew Hui, Kathy Tin Ying Ren, Kexin Gan, Kai Ernn Kim, Amy |
spellingShingle |
Woo, Matthew Hui, Kathy Tin Ying Ren, Kexin Gan, Kai Ernn Kim, Amy Reconstructing an Emergency Evacuation by Ground and Air the wildfire in Fort McMurray, alberta, Canada |
author_facet |
Woo, Matthew Hui, Kathy Tin Ying Ren, Kexin Gan, Kai Ernn Kim, Amy |
author_sort |
Woo, Matthew |
title |
Reconstructing an Emergency Evacuation by Ground and Air the wildfire in Fort McMurray, alberta, Canada |
title_short |
Reconstructing an Emergency Evacuation by Ground and Air the wildfire in Fort McMurray, alberta, Canada |
title_full |
Reconstructing an Emergency Evacuation by Ground and Air the wildfire in Fort McMurray, alberta, Canada |
title_fullStr |
Reconstructing an Emergency Evacuation by Ground and Air the wildfire in Fort McMurray, alberta, Canada |
title_full_unstemmed |
Reconstructing an Emergency Evacuation by Ground and Air the wildfire in Fort McMurray, alberta, Canada |
title_sort |
reconstructing an emergency evacuation by ground and air the wildfire in fort mcmurray, alberta, canada |
publisher |
SAGE Publications |
publishDate |
2017 |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2604-08 http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.3141/2604-08 |
genre |
Fort McMurray |
genre_facet |
Fort McMurray |
op_source |
Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board volume 2604, issue 1, page 63-70 ISSN 0361-1981 2169-4052 |
op_rights |
http://journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3141/2604-08 |
container_title |
Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board |
container_volume |
2604 |
container_issue |
1 |
container_start_page |
63 |
op_container_end_page |
70 |
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1810444273650237440 |