Rickets: Historical, Epidemiological, Pathophysiological, and Pathological Perspectives
Rickets was a common metabolic disease of bone a century ago in Europe, North America, and East Asia (mainly due to vitamin D deficiency) but was largely eradicated in growing children by use of cod liver oil and the introduction of vitamin D fortification of milk in the 1930s in the United States....
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crsagepubl:10.23907/2017.024 2024-06-23T07:50:53+00:00 Rickets: Historical, Epidemiological, Pathophysiological, and Pathological Perspectives Walker, Alfredo el Demellawy, Dina Davila, Jorge 2017 http://dx.doi.org/10.23907/2017.024 http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.23907/2017.024 http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full-xml/10.23907/2017.024 en eng SAGE Publications http://journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license Academic Forensic Pathology volume 7, issue 2, page 240-262 ISSN 1925-3621 1925-3621 journal-article 2017 crsagepubl https://doi.org/10.23907/2017.024 2024-06-11T04:30:19Z Rickets was a common metabolic disease of bone a century ago in Europe, North America, and East Asia (mainly due to vitamin D deficiency) but was largely eradicated in growing children by use of cod liver oil and the introduction of vitamin D fortification of milk in the 1930s in the United States. Vitamin D deficiency (VDD) remains the most common form of metabolic bone disease that is entirely preventable and treatable. Historically, rickets has appeared in sporadic epidemics and, despite the introduction of numerous preventive strategies, VDD has remained a global health problem amongst children. Moreover, developed countries such as Canada, Australia, the United Kingdom, and the United States have not been exempt from this. The radiological and histological features of rickets are both distinctive and characteristic and they reflect the underlying pathophysiological issue of decreased mineralization of bone as a result of VDD. The radiological features include 1) metaphyseal cupping and fraying, 2) poor mineralization of epiphyseal centers, 3) irregular and widened epiphyseal plates, 4) increased distance between the end of shaft and epiphyseal center, 5) cortical spurs at right angles to the metaphysis, 6) coarse trabeculation, and 7) periosteal reactions. Fractures may also be evident. The histological features of rickets reflect the failure of cartilage to mineralize and undergo resorption. This results in 1) disordered proliferation of chondrocytes in the hypertrophic zone secondary to a lack of apoptosis, 2) loss of the columnar arrangement of chondrocytes that results in thickening and disorganization of the hypertrophic zone, 3) tongue-like projections of cartilage that extend into the spongiosa, 4) irregularity of the limit between the proliferative and hypertrophic zones, and 5) penetration of blood vessels into the hypertrophic zone. The case of a premature 3-month-old female infant, born in the winter months in the arctic region of Canada who died from a lobar pneumonia with an incidental finding ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic SAGE Publications Arctic Canada Academic Forensic Pathology 7 2 240 262 |
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English |
description |
Rickets was a common metabolic disease of bone a century ago in Europe, North America, and East Asia (mainly due to vitamin D deficiency) but was largely eradicated in growing children by use of cod liver oil and the introduction of vitamin D fortification of milk in the 1930s in the United States. Vitamin D deficiency (VDD) remains the most common form of metabolic bone disease that is entirely preventable and treatable. Historically, rickets has appeared in sporadic epidemics and, despite the introduction of numerous preventive strategies, VDD has remained a global health problem amongst children. Moreover, developed countries such as Canada, Australia, the United Kingdom, and the United States have not been exempt from this. The radiological and histological features of rickets are both distinctive and characteristic and they reflect the underlying pathophysiological issue of decreased mineralization of bone as a result of VDD. The radiological features include 1) metaphyseal cupping and fraying, 2) poor mineralization of epiphyseal centers, 3) irregular and widened epiphyseal plates, 4) increased distance between the end of shaft and epiphyseal center, 5) cortical spurs at right angles to the metaphysis, 6) coarse trabeculation, and 7) periosteal reactions. Fractures may also be evident. The histological features of rickets reflect the failure of cartilage to mineralize and undergo resorption. This results in 1) disordered proliferation of chondrocytes in the hypertrophic zone secondary to a lack of apoptosis, 2) loss of the columnar arrangement of chondrocytes that results in thickening and disorganization of the hypertrophic zone, 3) tongue-like projections of cartilage that extend into the spongiosa, 4) irregularity of the limit between the proliferative and hypertrophic zones, and 5) penetration of blood vessels into the hypertrophic zone. The case of a premature 3-month-old female infant, born in the winter months in the arctic region of Canada who died from a lobar pneumonia with an incidental finding ... |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Walker, Alfredo el Demellawy, Dina Davila, Jorge |
spellingShingle |
Walker, Alfredo el Demellawy, Dina Davila, Jorge Rickets: Historical, Epidemiological, Pathophysiological, and Pathological Perspectives |
author_facet |
Walker, Alfredo el Demellawy, Dina Davila, Jorge |
author_sort |
Walker, Alfredo |
title |
Rickets: Historical, Epidemiological, Pathophysiological, and Pathological Perspectives |
title_short |
Rickets: Historical, Epidemiological, Pathophysiological, and Pathological Perspectives |
title_full |
Rickets: Historical, Epidemiological, Pathophysiological, and Pathological Perspectives |
title_fullStr |
Rickets: Historical, Epidemiological, Pathophysiological, and Pathological Perspectives |
title_full_unstemmed |
Rickets: Historical, Epidemiological, Pathophysiological, and Pathological Perspectives |
title_sort |
rickets: historical, epidemiological, pathophysiological, and pathological perspectives |
publisher |
SAGE Publications |
publishDate |
2017 |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.23907/2017.024 http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.23907/2017.024 http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full-xml/10.23907/2017.024 |
geographic |
Arctic Canada |
geographic_facet |
Arctic Canada |
genre |
Arctic |
genre_facet |
Arctic |
op_source |
Academic Forensic Pathology volume 7, issue 2, page 240-262 ISSN 1925-3621 1925-3621 |
op_rights |
http://journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.23907/2017.024 |
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Academic Forensic Pathology |
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7 |
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2 |
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240 |
op_container_end_page |
262 |
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1802641826352463872 |