A varve record of increased ‘Little Ice Age’ rainfall associated with volcanic activity, Arctic Archipelago, Canada

• Published in: The Holocene
• Main Authors: Lamoureux, Scott F., England, John H., Sharp, Martin J., Bush, Andrew B.G.
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: English
• Published: SAGE Publications 2001
• Subjects: Paleontology; Earth-Surface Processes; Ecology; Archeology; Global and Planetary Change; Arctic; Arctic Ocean; Canada; Fuller; Arctic Archipelago
• Online Access: http://dx.doi.org/10.1191/095968301668776315; http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1191/095968301668776315

Varved sediments from Nicolay Lake, Canadian High Arctic, record major summer rainfall events over the last five centuries. Increased incidences of summer rainfall occurred during the coldest periods of the ‘Little Ice Age’ and were strongly clustered in the years immediately following major volcanic events. Comparison of the summer rainfall and proxy air temperature records thus provides a fuller understanding of the nature and causes of natural climate variability in the Arctic. Study of the synoptic conditions associated with the two most recent large summer rainfall events suggests that they are associated with the incursion of cold low-pressure systems from the Arctic Ocean Basin. Volcanic activity may produce atmospheric conditions more conducive to the formation of such low-pressure systems, which generate rainfall at low elevations and summer snowfall at higher elevations, thus explaining the correlation between rainfall and summer snow accumulation recorded in ice cores from high-elevation ice caps.