Effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of an intensive and abbreviated individualized smoking cessation program delivered by pharmacists: A pragmatic, mixed-method, randomized trial
Background: Tobacco use is the leading preventable cause of morbidity and mortality in Canada. Smoking cessation programs (SCPs) that are effective, cost-effective and widely available are needed to help smokers quit. Pharmacists are uniquely positioned to provide such services. This study compares...
Published in: | Canadian Pharmacists Journal / Revue des Pharmaciens du Canada |
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crsagepubl:10.1177/17151635221128263 2024-06-23T07:54:48+00:00 Effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of an intensive and abbreviated individualized smoking cessation program delivered by pharmacists: A pragmatic, mixed-method, randomized trial Phillips, Leslie C.E. Nguyen, Hai Genge, Terri L. Maddigan, W. Joy 2022 http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/17151635221128263 http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/17151635221128263 http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full-xml/10.1177/17151635221128263 en eng SAGE Publications https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Canadian Pharmacists Journal / Revue des Pharmaciens du Canada volume 155, issue 6, page 334-344 ISSN 1715-1635 1913-701X journal-article 2022 crsagepubl https://doi.org/10.1177/17151635221128263 2024-06-11T04:32:39Z Background: Tobacco use is the leading preventable cause of morbidity and mortality in Canada. Smoking cessation programs (SCPs) that are effective, cost-effective and widely available are needed to help smokers quit. Pharmacists are uniquely positioned to provide such services. This study compares the abstinence rates between 2 pharmacist-led SCPs and the cost-effectiveness between these and a comparator group. The study was conducted in St. John’s, Newfoundland and Labrador. Methods: This pragmatic, mixed-method trial randomized smokers to either an existing intensive SCP or a new abbreviated SCP designed for community pharmacies. The primary outcome was 6-month abstinence rates. Cost-effectiveness was determined using abstinence rates for the SCPs and a comparator group. Incremental costs per additional quit were calculated for the trial duration, and incremental costs per life-year gained were estimated over a lifetime. Results: Quit rates for the SCPs were 36% (intensive) and 22% (abbreviated) ( p = 0.199). Incremental costs per life-year gained for the SCPs were $1576 (intensive) and $1836 (abbreviated). The incremental costs per additional quit, relative to the comparator group, for the SCPs were $1217 (intensive) and $1420 (abbreviated). Discussion: Both SCPs helped smokers quit, and quit rates exceeded those reported for a comparator group that included a general population of adult smokers (~7%). The incremental costs per additional quit for both SCPs compare favourably to those reported for other initiatives such as quit lines and hospital-based interventions. Conclusion: Pharmacist-led smoking cessation programs are effective and highly cost-effective. Widespread implementation, facilitated by remuneration, has potential to lower smoking prevalence and associated costs and harms. Article in Journal/Newspaper Newfoundland SAGE Publications Canada Newfoundland Canadian Pharmacists Journal / Revue des Pharmaciens du Canada 155 6 334 344 |
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English |
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Background: Tobacco use is the leading preventable cause of morbidity and mortality in Canada. Smoking cessation programs (SCPs) that are effective, cost-effective and widely available are needed to help smokers quit. Pharmacists are uniquely positioned to provide such services. This study compares the abstinence rates between 2 pharmacist-led SCPs and the cost-effectiveness between these and a comparator group. The study was conducted in St. John’s, Newfoundland and Labrador. Methods: This pragmatic, mixed-method trial randomized smokers to either an existing intensive SCP or a new abbreviated SCP designed for community pharmacies. The primary outcome was 6-month abstinence rates. Cost-effectiveness was determined using abstinence rates for the SCPs and a comparator group. Incremental costs per additional quit were calculated for the trial duration, and incremental costs per life-year gained were estimated over a lifetime. Results: Quit rates for the SCPs were 36% (intensive) and 22% (abbreviated) ( p = 0.199). Incremental costs per life-year gained for the SCPs were $1576 (intensive) and $1836 (abbreviated). The incremental costs per additional quit, relative to the comparator group, for the SCPs were $1217 (intensive) and $1420 (abbreviated). Discussion: Both SCPs helped smokers quit, and quit rates exceeded those reported for a comparator group that included a general population of adult smokers (~7%). The incremental costs per additional quit for both SCPs compare favourably to those reported for other initiatives such as quit lines and hospital-based interventions. Conclusion: Pharmacist-led smoking cessation programs are effective and highly cost-effective. Widespread implementation, facilitated by remuneration, has potential to lower smoking prevalence and associated costs and harms. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Phillips, Leslie C.E. Nguyen, Hai Genge, Terri L. Maddigan, W. Joy |
spellingShingle |
Phillips, Leslie C.E. Nguyen, Hai Genge, Terri L. Maddigan, W. Joy Effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of an intensive and abbreviated individualized smoking cessation program delivered by pharmacists: A pragmatic, mixed-method, randomized trial |
author_facet |
Phillips, Leslie C.E. Nguyen, Hai Genge, Terri L. Maddigan, W. Joy |
author_sort |
Phillips, Leslie C.E. |
title |
Effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of an intensive and abbreviated individualized smoking cessation program delivered by pharmacists: A pragmatic, mixed-method, randomized trial |
title_short |
Effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of an intensive and abbreviated individualized smoking cessation program delivered by pharmacists: A pragmatic, mixed-method, randomized trial |
title_full |
Effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of an intensive and abbreviated individualized smoking cessation program delivered by pharmacists: A pragmatic, mixed-method, randomized trial |
title_fullStr |
Effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of an intensive and abbreviated individualized smoking cessation program delivered by pharmacists: A pragmatic, mixed-method, randomized trial |
title_full_unstemmed |
Effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of an intensive and abbreviated individualized smoking cessation program delivered by pharmacists: A pragmatic, mixed-method, randomized trial |
title_sort |
effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of an intensive and abbreviated individualized smoking cessation program delivered by pharmacists: a pragmatic, mixed-method, randomized trial |
publisher |
SAGE Publications |
publishDate |
2022 |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/17151635221128263 http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/17151635221128263 http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full-xml/10.1177/17151635221128263 |
geographic |
Canada Newfoundland |
geographic_facet |
Canada Newfoundland |
genre |
Newfoundland |
genre_facet |
Newfoundland |
op_source |
Canadian Pharmacists Journal / Revue des Pharmaciens du Canada volume 155, issue 6, page 334-344 ISSN 1715-1635 1913-701X |
op_rights |
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1177/17151635221128263 |
container_title |
Canadian Pharmacists Journal / Revue des Pharmaciens du Canada |
container_volume |
155 |
container_issue |
6 |
container_start_page |
334 |
op_container_end_page |
344 |
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1802647076526358528 |