Anchor ice in polar oceans
One feature of high-latitude areas is the formation of ice clusters attached to the beds of rivers, lakes and the sea. This anchor ice, as it is widely known, plays an important role in mobilizing bed sediments, as well as ecological roles as a food source, habitat and potentially fatal environment....
Published in: | Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment |
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crsagepubl:10.1177/0309133313479815 2024-09-15T17:40:55+00:00 Anchor ice in polar oceans Mager, Sarah M. Smith, Inga J. Kempema, Edward W. Thomson, Benjamin J. Leonard, Gregory H. 2013 http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0309133313479815 http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/0309133313479815 http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full-xml/10.1177/0309133313479815 en eng SAGE Publications http://journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment volume 37, issue 4, page 468-483 ISSN 0309-1333 1477-0296 journal-article 2013 crsagepubl https://doi.org/10.1177/0309133313479815 2024-08-05T04:39:34Z One feature of high-latitude areas is the formation of ice clusters attached to the beds of rivers, lakes and the sea. This anchor ice, as it is widely known, plays an important role in mobilizing bed sediments, as well as ecological roles as a food source, habitat and potentially fatal environment. Much work has been devoted to fluvial anchor ice in the Northern Hemisphere, yet comparatively little work has described anchor ice in polar marine environments, despite its description by Antarctic expedition scientists over a century ago. In this paper, we review the current understanding of anchor ice formation in polar marine environments. Supercooled water is a necessity for anchor ice to form and frazil adhesion is the most likely common mechanism for initial anchor ice growth. Strong biological zonation has led some authors to suggest that anchor ice does not form to depths of greater than 33 m, yet in Antarctica there appear to be no physical reasons for such a limit given the production of supercooled water to substantial depths associated with ice shelves. Future work should focus on the potential extent of anchor ice production and identify the key oceanographic, glaciological and meteorological conditions conducive to its formation. Article in Journal/Newspaper Antarc* Antarctic Antarctica Ice Shelves SAGE Publications Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment 37 4 468 483 |
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Open Polar |
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SAGE Publications |
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crsagepubl |
language |
English |
description |
One feature of high-latitude areas is the formation of ice clusters attached to the beds of rivers, lakes and the sea. This anchor ice, as it is widely known, plays an important role in mobilizing bed sediments, as well as ecological roles as a food source, habitat and potentially fatal environment. Much work has been devoted to fluvial anchor ice in the Northern Hemisphere, yet comparatively little work has described anchor ice in polar marine environments, despite its description by Antarctic expedition scientists over a century ago. In this paper, we review the current understanding of anchor ice formation in polar marine environments. Supercooled water is a necessity for anchor ice to form and frazil adhesion is the most likely common mechanism for initial anchor ice growth. Strong biological zonation has led some authors to suggest that anchor ice does not form to depths of greater than 33 m, yet in Antarctica there appear to be no physical reasons for such a limit given the production of supercooled water to substantial depths associated with ice shelves. Future work should focus on the potential extent of anchor ice production and identify the key oceanographic, glaciological and meteorological conditions conducive to its formation. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Mager, Sarah M. Smith, Inga J. Kempema, Edward W. Thomson, Benjamin J. Leonard, Gregory H. |
spellingShingle |
Mager, Sarah M. Smith, Inga J. Kempema, Edward W. Thomson, Benjamin J. Leonard, Gregory H. Anchor ice in polar oceans |
author_facet |
Mager, Sarah M. Smith, Inga J. Kempema, Edward W. Thomson, Benjamin J. Leonard, Gregory H. |
author_sort |
Mager, Sarah M. |
title |
Anchor ice in polar oceans |
title_short |
Anchor ice in polar oceans |
title_full |
Anchor ice in polar oceans |
title_fullStr |
Anchor ice in polar oceans |
title_full_unstemmed |
Anchor ice in polar oceans |
title_sort |
anchor ice in polar oceans |
publisher |
SAGE Publications |
publishDate |
2013 |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0309133313479815 http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/0309133313479815 http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full-xml/10.1177/0309133313479815 |
genre |
Antarc* Antarctic Antarctica Ice Shelves |
genre_facet |
Antarc* Antarctic Antarctica Ice Shelves |
op_source |
Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment volume 37, issue 4, page 468-483 ISSN 0309-1333 1477-0296 |
op_rights |
http://journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1177/0309133313479815 |
container_title |
Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment |
container_volume |
37 |
container_issue |
4 |
container_start_page |
468 |
op_container_end_page |
483 |
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1810486981564563456 |