Is Dolphin Morbillivirus Virulent for White-Beaked Dolphins ( Lagenorhynchus albirostris)?

• Published in: Veterinary Pathology
• Main Authors: van Elk, C. E., van de Bildt, M. W. G., Jauniaux, T., Hiemstra, S., van Run, P. R. W. A., Foster, G., Meerbeek, J., Osterhaus, A. D. M. E., Kuiken, T.
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: English
• Published: SAGE Publications 2014
• Subjects: Lagenorhynchus albirostris; toothed whales; White-beaked dolphin
• Online Access: http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0300985813516643; http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/0300985813516643; http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full-xml/10.1177/0300985813516643

The virulence of morbilliviruses for toothed whales (odontocetes) appears to differ according to host species. In 4 species of odontocetes, morbilliviruses are highly virulent, causing large-scale epizootics with high mortality. In 8 other species of odontocetes, including white-beaked dolphins ( Lagenorhynchus albirostris), morbilliviruses have been found as an incidental infection. In these species, the virulence of morbilliviruses is not clear. Therefore, the admission of 2 white-beaked dolphins with morbillivirus infection into a rehabilitation center provided a unique opportunity to investigate the virulence of morbillivirus in this species. By phylogenetic analysis, the morbilliviruses in both animals were identified as a dolphin morbillivirus (DMV) most closely related to that detected in a white-beaked dolphin in Germany in 2007. Both animals were examined clinically and pathologically. Case No. 1 had a chronic neural DMV infection, characterized by polioencephalitis in the cerebrum and morbillivirus antigen expression limited to neurons and glial cells. Surprisingly, no nervous signs were observed in this animal during the 6 months before death. Case No. 2 had a subacute systemic DMV infection, characterized by interstitial pneumonia, leucopenia, lymphoid depletion, and DMV antigen expression in mononuclear cells and syncytia in the lung and in mononuclear cells in multiple lymphoid organs. Cause of death was not attributed to DMV infection in either animal. DMV was not detected in 2 contemporaneously stranded white-beaked dolphins. Stranding rate did not increase in the region. These results suggest that DMV is not highly virulent for white-beaked dolphins.