XXI. On the echinoidea of the ’porcupine‘ deep-sea dredging-expeditions
The deep-sea dredging-cruises of H. M. Ships 'Lightning’ and 'Porcupine’ during the summers of 1868, 1869, and 1870, in the North Atlantic, were comprehended within a belt 1500 miles in length by from 100 to 150 miles in width, extending from the Færöe Islands along the northern and wester...
Published in: | Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London |
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Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstl.1874.0021 https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/pdf/10.1098/rstl.1874.0021 |
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crroyalsociety:10.1098/rstl.1874.0021 2024-06-02T08:11:40+00:00 XXI. On the echinoidea of the ’porcupine‘ deep-sea dredging-expeditions 1874 http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstl.1874.0021 https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/pdf/10.1098/rstl.1874.0021 en eng The Royal Society https://royalsociety.org/journals/ethics-policies/data-sharing-mining/ Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London volume 164, page 719-756 ISSN 0261-0523 2053-9223 journal-article 1874 crroyalsociety https://doi.org/10.1098/rstl.1874.0021 2024-05-07T14:16:49Z The deep-sea dredging-cruises of H. M. Ships 'Lightning’ and 'Porcupine’ during the summers of 1868, 1869, and 1870, in the North Atlantic, were comprehended within a belt 1500 miles in length by from 100 to 150 miles in width, extending from the Færöe Islands along the northern and western coasts of Scotland and Ireland and the coasts of Portugal and Spain to the Strait of Gibraltar. In this area fifty-seven successful hauls of the dredge were made during the three summers in water exceeding 500 fathoms in depth, sixteen beyond 1000 fathoms, and two beyond 2000 fathoms. Even at the latter extreme depths Echinodermata appeared to be abundant. At 2435 and at 2090 fathoms all the Echinoderm orders were represented—the Echinoidea by a small variety of Echinus norvegicus , v. Düben and Koren, and a young example of Brissopsi lyrifera , Forbes; the Asteridea by an undescribed species of the genus Archaster the Ophiuridea by Ophiocten sericeum , Forbes, and Ophiacantha spinulosa , Müller and Troschel; the Holothuridea by Echinocucumis typica , Sars; and the Crinoidea by a very remarkable new form of the Apiocrinidæ, which has been noticed under the name of Bathycrinus gracils , Wyville Thomson. From 2000 fathoms upwards the number of Echinoderms seems to increase rapidly; but this apparent increase may possibly be due to our greater knowledge of the fauna of shallower water; at from 300 to 800 fathoms along the coast of Britain many species of all the orders are enormously abundant, so much so as to give a very marked character to the fauna of that special zone. Several of these species (such as Cidaris papillata , Leske, Toxopneustes dröbachiensis , Müller, Echinus norvegicus , D. & K., Astropecten tenuispinus , D. & K., Archaster Parellii , D. & K., A . Andromeda , M. &T., Euryale Linkii , M. & T., and Antedon celtius , Barrett) have long been known to inhabit the deep water of the British area, and form part of a fauna which will be probably found to have a very wide lateral extension at ... Article in Journal/Newspaper North Atlantic The Royal Society Barrett ENVELOPE(-126.773,-126.773,54.428,54.428) Forbes ENVELOPE(-66.550,-66.550,-67.783,-67.783) Koren ENVELOPE(13.817,13.817,67.058,67.058) Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London 164 719 756 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
The Royal Society |
op_collection_id |
crroyalsociety |
language |
English |
description |
The deep-sea dredging-cruises of H. M. Ships 'Lightning’ and 'Porcupine’ during the summers of 1868, 1869, and 1870, in the North Atlantic, were comprehended within a belt 1500 miles in length by from 100 to 150 miles in width, extending from the Færöe Islands along the northern and western coasts of Scotland and Ireland and the coasts of Portugal and Spain to the Strait of Gibraltar. In this area fifty-seven successful hauls of the dredge were made during the three summers in water exceeding 500 fathoms in depth, sixteen beyond 1000 fathoms, and two beyond 2000 fathoms. Even at the latter extreme depths Echinodermata appeared to be abundant. At 2435 and at 2090 fathoms all the Echinoderm orders were represented—the Echinoidea by a small variety of Echinus norvegicus , v. Düben and Koren, and a young example of Brissopsi lyrifera , Forbes; the Asteridea by an undescribed species of the genus Archaster the Ophiuridea by Ophiocten sericeum , Forbes, and Ophiacantha spinulosa , Müller and Troschel; the Holothuridea by Echinocucumis typica , Sars; and the Crinoidea by a very remarkable new form of the Apiocrinidæ, which has been noticed under the name of Bathycrinus gracils , Wyville Thomson. From 2000 fathoms upwards the number of Echinoderms seems to increase rapidly; but this apparent increase may possibly be due to our greater knowledge of the fauna of shallower water; at from 300 to 800 fathoms along the coast of Britain many species of all the orders are enormously abundant, so much so as to give a very marked character to the fauna of that special zone. Several of these species (such as Cidaris papillata , Leske, Toxopneustes dröbachiensis , Müller, Echinus norvegicus , D. & K., Astropecten tenuispinus , D. & K., Archaster Parellii , D. & K., A . Andromeda , M. &T., Euryale Linkii , M. & T., and Antedon celtius , Barrett) have long been known to inhabit the deep water of the British area, and form part of a fauna which will be probably found to have a very wide lateral extension at ... |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
title |
XXI. On the echinoidea of the ’porcupine‘ deep-sea dredging-expeditions |
spellingShingle |
XXI. On the echinoidea of the ’porcupine‘ deep-sea dredging-expeditions |
title_short |
XXI. On the echinoidea of the ’porcupine‘ deep-sea dredging-expeditions |
title_full |
XXI. On the echinoidea of the ’porcupine‘ deep-sea dredging-expeditions |
title_fullStr |
XXI. On the echinoidea of the ’porcupine‘ deep-sea dredging-expeditions |
title_full_unstemmed |
XXI. On the echinoidea of the ’porcupine‘ deep-sea dredging-expeditions |
title_sort |
xxi. on the echinoidea of the ’porcupine‘ deep-sea dredging-expeditions |
publisher |
The Royal Society |
publishDate |
1874 |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstl.1874.0021 https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/pdf/10.1098/rstl.1874.0021 |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(-126.773,-126.773,54.428,54.428) ENVELOPE(-66.550,-66.550,-67.783,-67.783) ENVELOPE(13.817,13.817,67.058,67.058) |
geographic |
Barrett Forbes Koren |
geographic_facet |
Barrett Forbes Koren |
genre |
North Atlantic |
genre_facet |
North Atlantic |
op_source |
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London volume 164, page 719-756 ISSN 0261-0523 2053-9223 |
op_rights |
https://royalsociety.org/journals/ethics-policies/data-sharing-mining/ |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1098/rstl.1874.0021 |
container_title |
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London |
container_volume |
164 |
container_start_page |
719 |
op_container_end_page |
756 |
_version_ |
1800757887706857472 |