Interaction between ω 6 and ω 3 fatty acids of different chain lengths regulates Atlantic salmon hepatic gene expression and muscle fatty acid profiles
Atlantic salmon smolts (approx. 20-months old) were fed experimental diets with different combinations of omega-6:omega-3 fatty acids (FAs) (high-ω6, high-ω3, or balanced) and eicosapentaenoic acid plus docosahexaenoic acid (EPA + DHA) levels (0.3, 1.0 or 1.4%) for 12 weeks. Muscle FA (% total FA) r...
Published in: | Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences |
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crroyalsociety:10.1098/rstb.2019.0648 2024-09-15T17:56:21+00:00 Interaction between ω 6 and ω 3 fatty acids of different chain lengths regulates Atlantic salmon hepatic gene expression and muscle fatty acid profiles Emam, Mohamed Katan, Tomer Caballero-Solares, Albert Taylor, Richard G. Parrish, Kathleen S. Rise, Matthew L. Parrish, Christopher C. Genome Canada Genome Atlantic 2020 http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2019.0648 https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/pdf/10.1098/rstb.2019.0648 https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/full-xml/10.1098/rstb.2019.0648 en eng The Royal Society https://royalsociety.org/-/media/journals/author/Licence-to-Publish-20062019-final.pdf https://royalsociety.org/journals/ethics-policies/data-sharing-mining/ Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences volume 375, issue 1804, page 20190648 ISSN 0962-8436 1471-2970 journal-article 2020 crroyalsociety https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2019.0648 2024-07-08T04:26:35Z Atlantic salmon smolts (approx. 20-months old) were fed experimental diets with different combinations of omega-6:omega-3 fatty acids (FAs) (high-ω6, high-ω3, or balanced) and eicosapentaenoic acid plus docosahexaenoic acid (EPA + DHA) levels (0.3, 1.0 or 1.4%) for 12 weeks. Muscle FA (% total FA) reflected dietary C 18 -polyunsaturated FA; however, muscle EPA per cent and content (mg g −1 ) were not different in salmon fed high-ω3 or balanced diets. Muscle DHA per cent was similar among treatments, while DHA content increased in fish fed 1.4% EPA + DHA, compared with those fed 0.3–1.0% EPA + DHA combined with high-ω6 FA. Muscle 20:3 ω 6 (DGLA) content was highest in those fed high-ω6 with 0.3% EPA + DHA. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction analyses on liver RNA showed that the monounsaturated FA synthesis-related gene, scdb, was upregulated in fish fed 1.0% EPA + DHA with high-ω6 compared to those fed 0.3% EPA + DHA. In high-ω3-fed salmon, liver elovl2 transcript levels were higher with 0.3% EPA + DHA than with 1.0% EPA + DHA. In high-ω6-fed fish, elovl2 did not vary with EPA + DHA levels, but it was positively correlated with muscle ARA, 22:4 ω 3 and DGLA. These results suggest dietary 18:3 ω 3 elongation contributed to maintaining muscle EPA + DHA levels despite a two- to threefold change in dietary proportions, while 18:2 ω 6 with 0.3% EPA + DHA increased muscle DGLA more than arachidonic acid (ARA). Positive correlations between hepatic elovl2 and fabp10a with muscle ω 6: ω 3 and EPA + DHA + ARA, respectively, were confirmed by reanalysing data from a previous salmon trial with lower variations in dietary EPA + DHA and ω 6: ω 3 ratios. This article is part of the theme issue ‘The next horizons for lipids as ‘trophic biomarkers’: evidence and significance of consumer modification of dietary fatty acids’. Article in Journal/Newspaper Atlantic salmon The Royal Society Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 375 1804 20190648 |
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Open Polar |
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The Royal Society |
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crroyalsociety |
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English |
description |
Atlantic salmon smolts (approx. 20-months old) were fed experimental diets with different combinations of omega-6:omega-3 fatty acids (FAs) (high-ω6, high-ω3, or balanced) and eicosapentaenoic acid plus docosahexaenoic acid (EPA + DHA) levels (0.3, 1.0 or 1.4%) for 12 weeks. Muscle FA (% total FA) reflected dietary C 18 -polyunsaturated FA; however, muscle EPA per cent and content (mg g −1 ) were not different in salmon fed high-ω3 or balanced diets. Muscle DHA per cent was similar among treatments, while DHA content increased in fish fed 1.4% EPA + DHA, compared with those fed 0.3–1.0% EPA + DHA combined with high-ω6 FA. Muscle 20:3 ω 6 (DGLA) content was highest in those fed high-ω6 with 0.3% EPA + DHA. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction analyses on liver RNA showed that the monounsaturated FA synthesis-related gene, scdb, was upregulated in fish fed 1.0% EPA + DHA with high-ω6 compared to those fed 0.3% EPA + DHA. In high-ω3-fed salmon, liver elovl2 transcript levels were higher with 0.3% EPA + DHA than with 1.0% EPA + DHA. In high-ω6-fed fish, elovl2 did not vary with EPA + DHA levels, but it was positively correlated with muscle ARA, 22:4 ω 3 and DGLA. These results suggest dietary 18:3 ω 3 elongation contributed to maintaining muscle EPA + DHA levels despite a two- to threefold change in dietary proportions, while 18:2 ω 6 with 0.3% EPA + DHA increased muscle DGLA more than arachidonic acid (ARA). Positive correlations between hepatic elovl2 and fabp10a with muscle ω 6: ω 3 and EPA + DHA + ARA, respectively, were confirmed by reanalysing data from a previous salmon trial with lower variations in dietary EPA + DHA and ω 6: ω 3 ratios. This article is part of the theme issue ‘The next horizons for lipids as ‘trophic biomarkers’: evidence and significance of consumer modification of dietary fatty acids’. |
author2 |
Genome Canada Genome Atlantic |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Emam, Mohamed Katan, Tomer Caballero-Solares, Albert Taylor, Richard G. Parrish, Kathleen S. Rise, Matthew L. Parrish, Christopher C. |
spellingShingle |
Emam, Mohamed Katan, Tomer Caballero-Solares, Albert Taylor, Richard G. Parrish, Kathleen S. Rise, Matthew L. Parrish, Christopher C. Interaction between ω 6 and ω 3 fatty acids of different chain lengths regulates Atlantic salmon hepatic gene expression and muscle fatty acid profiles |
author_facet |
Emam, Mohamed Katan, Tomer Caballero-Solares, Albert Taylor, Richard G. Parrish, Kathleen S. Rise, Matthew L. Parrish, Christopher C. |
author_sort |
Emam, Mohamed |
title |
Interaction between ω 6 and ω 3 fatty acids of different chain lengths regulates Atlantic salmon hepatic gene expression and muscle fatty acid profiles |
title_short |
Interaction between ω 6 and ω 3 fatty acids of different chain lengths regulates Atlantic salmon hepatic gene expression and muscle fatty acid profiles |
title_full |
Interaction between ω 6 and ω 3 fatty acids of different chain lengths regulates Atlantic salmon hepatic gene expression and muscle fatty acid profiles |
title_fullStr |
Interaction between ω 6 and ω 3 fatty acids of different chain lengths regulates Atlantic salmon hepatic gene expression and muscle fatty acid profiles |
title_full_unstemmed |
Interaction between ω 6 and ω 3 fatty acids of different chain lengths regulates Atlantic salmon hepatic gene expression and muscle fatty acid profiles |
title_sort |
interaction between ω 6 and ω 3 fatty acids of different chain lengths regulates atlantic salmon hepatic gene expression and muscle fatty acid profiles |
publisher |
The Royal Society |
publishDate |
2020 |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2019.0648 https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/pdf/10.1098/rstb.2019.0648 https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/full-xml/10.1098/rstb.2019.0648 |
genre |
Atlantic salmon |
genre_facet |
Atlantic salmon |
op_source |
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences volume 375, issue 1804, page 20190648 ISSN 0962-8436 1471-2970 |
op_rights |
https://royalsociety.org/-/media/journals/author/Licence-to-Publish-20062019-final.pdf https://royalsociety.org/journals/ethics-policies/data-sharing-mining/ |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2019.0648 |
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Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences |
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375 |
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1804 |
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20190648 |
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1810432555025956864 |