Strategies in times of crisis—insights into the benthic foraminiferal record of the Palaeocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum
Climate change is predicted to alter temperature, carbonate chemistry and oxygen availability in the oceans, which will affect individuals, populations and ecosystems. We use the fossil record of benthic foraminifers to assess developmental impacts in response to environmental changes during the Pal...
Published in: | Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences |
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crroyalsociety:10.1098/rsta.2017.0328 2024-06-02T08:14:46+00:00 Strategies in times of crisis—insights into the benthic foraminiferal record of the Palaeocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum Schmidt, Daniela N. Thomas, Ellen Authier, Elisabeth Saunders, David Ridgwell, Andy Heising-Simons Foundation National Science Foundation Division of Ocean Sciences 2018 http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2017.0328 https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/pdf/10.1098/rsta.2017.0328 https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/full-xml/10.1098/rsta.2017.0328 en eng The Royal Society https://royalsociety.org/journals/ethics-policies/data-sharing-mining/ Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences volume 376, issue 2130, page 20170328 ISSN 1364-503X 1471-2962 journal-article 2018 crroyalsociety https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2017.0328 2024-05-07T14:16:16Z Climate change is predicted to alter temperature, carbonate chemistry and oxygen availability in the oceans, which will affect individuals, populations and ecosystems. We use the fossil record of benthic foraminifers to assess developmental impacts in response to environmental changes during the Palaeocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM). Using an unprecedented number of µ-computed tomography scans, we determine the size of the proloculus (first chamber), the number of chambers and the final size of two benthic foraminiferal species which survived the extinction at sites 690 (Atlantic sector, Southern Ocean, palaeodepth 1900 m), 1210 (central equatorial Pacific, palaeodepth 2100 m) and 1135 (Indian Ocean sector, Southern Ocean, palaeodepth 600–1000 m). The population at the shallowest site, 1135, does not show a clear response to the PETM, whereas those at the other sites record reductions in diameter or proloculus size. Temperature was similar at all sites, thus it is not likely to be the reason for differences between sites. At site 1210, small size coincided with higher chamber numbers during the peak event, and may have been caused by a combination of low carbonate ion concentrations and low food supply. Dwarfing at site 690 occurred at lower chamber numbers, and may have been caused by decreasing carbonate saturation at sufficient food levels to reproduce. Proloculus size varied strongly between sites and through time, suggesting a large influence of environment on both microspheric and megalospheric forms without clear bimodality. The effect of the environmental changes during the PETM was more pronounced at deeper sites, possibly implicating carbonate saturation. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue ‘Hyperthermals: rapid and extreme global warming in our geological past’. Article in Journal/Newspaper Southern Ocean The Royal Society Indian Pacific Southern Ocean Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 376 2130 20170328 |
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The Royal Society |
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crroyalsociety |
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English |
description |
Climate change is predicted to alter temperature, carbonate chemistry and oxygen availability in the oceans, which will affect individuals, populations and ecosystems. We use the fossil record of benthic foraminifers to assess developmental impacts in response to environmental changes during the Palaeocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM). Using an unprecedented number of µ-computed tomography scans, we determine the size of the proloculus (first chamber), the number of chambers and the final size of two benthic foraminiferal species which survived the extinction at sites 690 (Atlantic sector, Southern Ocean, palaeodepth 1900 m), 1210 (central equatorial Pacific, palaeodepth 2100 m) and 1135 (Indian Ocean sector, Southern Ocean, palaeodepth 600–1000 m). The population at the shallowest site, 1135, does not show a clear response to the PETM, whereas those at the other sites record reductions in diameter or proloculus size. Temperature was similar at all sites, thus it is not likely to be the reason for differences between sites. At site 1210, small size coincided with higher chamber numbers during the peak event, and may have been caused by a combination of low carbonate ion concentrations and low food supply. Dwarfing at site 690 occurred at lower chamber numbers, and may have been caused by decreasing carbonate saturation at sufficient food levels to reproduce. Proloculus size varied strongly between sites and through time, suggesting a large influence of environment on both microspheric and megalospheric forms without clear bimodality. The effect of the environmental changes during the PETM was more pronounced at deeper sites, possibly implicating carbonate saturation. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue ‘Hyperthermals: rapid and extreme global warming in our geological past’. |
author2 |
Heising-Simons Foundation National Science Foundation Division of Ocean Sciences |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Schmidt, Daniela N. Thomas, Ellen Authier, Elisabeth Saunders, David Ridgwell, Andy |
spellingShingle |
Schmidt, Daniela N. Thomas, Ellen Authier, Elisabeth Saunders, David Ridgwell, Andy Strategies in times of crisis—insights into the benthic foraminiferal record of the Palaeocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum |
author_facet |
Schmidt, Daniela N. Thomas, Ellen Authier, Elisabeth Saunders, David Ridgwell, Andy |
author_sort |
Schmidt, Daniela N. |
title |
Strategies in times of crisis—insights into the benthic foraminiferal record of the Palaeocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum |
title_short |
Strategies in times of crisis—insights into the benthic foraminiferal record of the Palaeocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum |
title_full |
Strategies in times of crisis—insights into the benthic foraminiferal record of the Palaeocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum |
title_fullStr |
Strategies in times of crisis—insights into the benthic foraminiferal record of the Palaeocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum |
title_full_unstemmed |
Strategies in times of crisis—insights into the benthic foraminiferal record of the Palaeocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum |
title_sort |
strategies in times of crisis—insights into the benthic foraminiferal record of the palaeocene–eocene thermal maximum |
publisher |
The Royal Society |
publishDate |
2018 |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2017.0328 https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/pdf/10.1098/rsta.2017.0328 https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/full-xml/10.1098/rsta.2017.0328 |
geographic |
Indian Pacific Southern Ocean |
geographic_facet |
Indian Pacific Southern Ocean |
genre |
Southern Ocean |
genre_facet |
Southern Ocean |
op_source |
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences volume 376, issue 2130, page 20170328 ISSN 1364-503X 1471-2962 |
op_rights |
https://royalsociety.org/journals/ethics-policies/data-sharing-mining/ |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2017.0328 |
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Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences |
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376 |
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2130 |
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20170328 |
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