Long-term legacy of massive carbon input to the Earth system: Anthropocene versus Eocene
Over the next few centuries, with unabated emissions of anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), a total of 5000 Pg C may enter the atmosphere, causing CO 2 concentrations to rise to approximately 2000 ppmv, global temperature to warm by more than 8 ° C and surface ocean pH to decline by approximately...
Published in: | Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences |
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crroyalsociety:10.1098/rsta.2012.0006 2024-06-02T08:12:36+00:00 Long-term legacy of massive carbon input to the Earth system: Anthropocene versus Eocene Zeebe, Richard E. Zachos, James C. 2013 http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2012.0006 https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/pdf/10.1098/rsta.2012.0006 https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/full-xml/10.1098/rsta.2012.0006 en eng The Royal Society https://royalsociety.org/journals/ethics-policies/data-sharing-mining/ Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences volume 371, issue 2001, page 20120006 ISSN 1364-503X 1471-2962 journal-article 2013 crroyalsociety https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2012.0006 2024-05-07T14:16:29Z Over the next few centuries, with unabated emissions of anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), a total of 5000 Pg C may enter the atmosphere, causing CO 2 concentrations to rise to approximately 2000 ppmv, global temperature to warm by more than 8 ° C and surface ocean pH to decline by approximately 0.7 units. A carbon release of this magnitude is unprecedented during the past 56 million years—and the outcome accordingly difficult to predict. In this regard, the geological record may provide foresight to how the Earth system will respond in the future. Here, we discuss the long-term legacy of massive carbon release into the Earth's surface reservoirs, comparing the Anthropocene with a past analogue, the Palaeocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM, approx. 56 Ma). We examine the natural processes and time scales of CO 2 neutralization that determine the atmospheric lifetime of CO 2 in response to carbon release. We compare the duration of carbon release during the Anthropocene versus PETM and the ensuing effects on ocean acidification and marine calcifying organisms. We also discuss the conundrum that the observed duration of the PETM appears to be much longer than predicted by models that use first-order assumptions. Finally, we comment on past and future mass extinctions and recovery times of biotic diversity. Article in Journal/Newspaper Ocean acidification The Royal Society Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 371 2001 20120006 |
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crroyalsociety |
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English |
description |
Over the next few centuries, with unabated emissions of anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), a total of 5000 Pg C may enter the atmosphere, causing CO 2 concentrations to rise to approximately 2000 ppmv, global temperature to warm by more than 8 ° C and surface ocean pH to decline by approximately 0.7 units. A carbon release of this magnitude is unprecedented during the past 56 million years—and the outcome accordingly difficult to predict. In this regard, the geological record may provide foresight to how the Earth system will respond in the future. Here, we discuss the long-term legacy of massive carbon release into the Earth's surface reservoirs, comparing the Anthropocene with a past analogue, the Palaeocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM, approx. 56 Ma). We examine the natural processes and time scales of CO 2 neutralization that determine the atmospheric lifetime of CO 2 in response to carbon release. We compare the duration of carbon release during the Anthropocene versus PETM and the ensuing effects on ocean acidification and marine calcifying organisms. We also discuss the conundrum that the observed duration of the PETM appears to be much longer than predicted by models that use first-order assumptions. Finally, we comment on past and future mass extinctions and recovery times of biotic diversity. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Zeebe, Richard E. Zachos, James C. |
spellingShingle |
Zeebe, Richard E. Zachos, James C. Long-term legacy of massive carbon input to the Earth system: Anthropocene versus Eocene |
author_facet |
Zeebe, Richard E. Zachos, James C. |
author_sort |
Zeebe, Richard E. |
title |
Long-term legacy of massive carbon input to the Earth system: Anthropocene versus Eocene |
title_short |
Long-term legacy of massive carbon input to the Earth system: Anthropocene versus Eocene |
title_full |
Long-term legacy of massive carbon input to the Earth system: Anthropocene versus Eocene |
title_fullStr |
Long-term legacy of massive carbon input to the Earth system: Anthropocene versus Eocene |
title_full_unstemmed |
Long-term legacy of massive carbon input to the Earth system: Anthropocene versus Eocene |
title_sort |
long-term legacy of massive carbon input to the earth system: anthropocene versus eocene |
publisher |
The Royal Society |
publishDate |
2013 |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2012.0006 https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/pdf/10.1098/rsta.2012.0006 https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/full-xml/10.1098/rsta.2012.0006 |
genre |
Ocean acidification |
genre_facet |
Ocean acidification |
op_source |
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences volume 371, issue 2001, page 20120006 ISSN 1364-503X 1471-2962 |
op_rights |
https://royalsociety.org/journals/ethics-policies/data-sharing-mining/ |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2012.0006 |
container_title |
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences |
container_volume |
371 |
container_issue |
2001 |
container_start_page |
20120006 |
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1800759076811964416 |