An evaluation of major element heterogeneity in the mantle sources of basalts
Understanding the evolution of the mantle requires a knowledge of the relative variations of the major elements, trace elements and isotopes in the mantle. Most of the evidence for mantle heterogeneity is based on variations in the trace element and isotopic ratios of basaltic rocks. These ratios ar...
Published in: | Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Mathematical and Physical Sciences |
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1980
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Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.1980.0223 https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/pdf/10.1098/rsta.1980.0223 |
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crroyalsociety:10.1098/rsta.1980.0223 2024-06-02T08:11:43+00:00 An evaluation of major element heterogeneity in the mantle sources of basalts 1980 http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.1980.0223 https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/pdf/10.1098/rsta.1980.0223 en eng The Royal Society https://royalsociety.org/journals/ethics-policies/data-sharing-mining/ Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Mathematical and Physical Sciences volume 297, issue 1431, page 383-407 ISSN 0080-4614 2054-0272 journal-article 1980 crroyalsociety https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.1980.0223 2024-05-07T14:16:28Z Understanding the evolution of the mantle requires a knowledge of the relative variations of the major elements, trace elements and isotopes in the mantle. Most of the evidence for mantle heterogeneity is based on variations in the trace element and isotopic ratios of basaltic rocks. These ratios are presumed to reflect variations in the mantle sources. To compare major element heterogeneities with trace element and isotopic heterogeneities, it is necessary that the major element abundances in basalts also reflect variations in the mantle sources. Probably the only major element for which this is so is iron. If a basalt has only undergone fractional crystallization of olivine, then the abundance of FeO in the basalt reflects the FeO/MgO ratio of the mantle source, the degree of melting, and the pressure at which melting occurs. Relative pressures and degrees of melting can often be constrained, so that variations in the abundances of FeO can be used to obtain information about variations in the FeO/MgO ratio of the mantle sources of basalts. Comparison of FeO contents with trace element and isotopic contents of basalts shows some striking correlations and leads to the following conclusions. 1. Parental magmas for Kilauean basalts from Hawaii may be related by different degrees of melting of a homogeneous, garnet-bearing source. 2. Mid-ocean ridge basalts from the North Atlantic show a negative correlation of La/Sm with FeO, suggesting that the sources that are most enriched in incompatible trace elements are most depleted in FeO relative to MgO, and are probably also depleted in the other components of basalt. This correlation does not apply to the entire suboceanic mantle. 3. A comparison of tholeiites from near the Azores and from Hawaii shows that sources with similar Nd and Sr isotope ratios may have undergone distinctly different histories in the development of their major and trace element abundances. 4. Ocean island tholeiites tend to be more enriched in FeO than ocean floor tholeiites. Either the ocean ... Article in Journal/Newspaper North Atlantic Ocean Island The Royal Society Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Mathematical and Physical Sciences 297 1431 383 407 |
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English |
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Understanding the evolution of the mantle requires a knowledge of the relative variations of the major elements, trace elements and isotopes in the mantle. Most of the evidence for mantle heterogeneity is based on variations in the trace element and isotopic ratios of basaltic rocks. These ratios are presumed to reflect variations in the mantle sources. To compare major element heterogeneities with trace element and isotopic heterogeneities, it is necessary that the major element abundances in basalts also reflect variations in the mantle sources. Probably the only major element for which this is so is iron. If a basalt has only undergone fractional crystallization of olivine, then the abundance of FeO in the basalt reflects the FeO/MgO ratio of the mantle source, the degree of melting, and the pressure at which melting occurs. Relative pressures and degrees of melting can often be constrained, so that variations in the abundances of FeO can be used to obtain information about variations in the FeO/MgO ratio of the mantle sources of basalts. Comparison of FeO contents with trace element and isotopic contents of basalts shows some striking correlations and leads to the following conclusions. 1. Parental magmas for Kilauean basalts from Hawaii may be related by different degrees of melting of a homogeneous, garnet-bearing source. 2. Mid-ocean ridge basalts from the North Atlantic show a negative correlation of La/Sm with FeO, suggesting that the sources that are most enriched in incompatible trace elements are most depleted in FeO relative to MgO, and are probably also depleted in the other components of basalt. This correlation does not apply to the entire suboceanic mantle. 3. A comparison of tholeiites from near the Azores and from Hawaii shows that sources with similar Nd and Sr isotope ratios may have undergone distinctly different histories in the development of their major and trace element abundances. 4. Ocean island tholeiites tend to be more enriched in FeO than ocean floor tholeiites. Either the ocean ... |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
title |
An evaluation of major element heterogeneity in the mantle sources of basalts |
spellingShingle |
An evaluation of major element heterogeneity in the mantle sources of basalts |
title_short |
An evaluation of major element heterogeneity in the mantle sources of basalts |
title_full |
An evaluation of major element heterogeneity in the mantle sources of basalts |
title_fullStr |
An evaluation of major element heterogeneity in the mantle sources of basalts |
title_full_unstemmed |
An evaluation of major element heterogeneity in the mantle sources of basalts |
title_sort |
evaluation of major element heterogeneity in the mantle sources of basalts |
publisher |
The Royal Society |
publishDate |
1980 |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.1980.0223 https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/pdf/10.1098/rsta.1980.0223 |
genre |
North Atlantic Ocean Island |
genre_facet |
North Atlantic Ocean Island |
op_source |
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Mathematical and Physical Sciences volume 297, issue 1431, page 383-407 ISSN 0080-4614 2054-0272 |
op_rights |
https://royalsociety.org/journals/ethics-policies/data-sharing-mining/ |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.1980.0223 |
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Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Mathematical and Physical Sciences |
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297 |
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1431 |
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383 |
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407 |
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1800757953869905920 |