On the structure of the ultimate fibril of the muscle of animal life

• Published in: Abstracts of the Papers Communicated to the Royal Society of London
• Main Authors: Simon, John, Green, Joseph Henry
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: English
• Published: The Royal Society 1851
• Subjects: Turbot
• Online Access: http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspl.1843.0027; https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/pdf/10.1098/rspl.1843.0027

The author, considering that the careful dissections of Meckel and Cuvier have fully established the universal existence of a thyroid gland in the whole of the class Mammalia, proceeds to consider the comparative anatomy of this organ in the remaining classes of vertebrated animals. His dissections of birds have included all the orders, and, in most instances, several families from each: he has never failed to find in them a thyroid gland, and, with the aid of the microscope, to recognise its peculiar structure; he presumes, therefore, that it is universally present in that class of animals. He has also detected the presence of this organ in reptiles of every order; although generally either wholly overlooked by anatomists, or mistaken for the thymus. Descriptions are here given of its appearance, position and structure in different families of Chelonia, Sauria, Ophidia and Batrachia. In the class of Fishes, it is by no means universally or even generally present. The author has found it in the carp, anableps, pike, exocetus, cod, haddock, whiting, eel, sturgeon, callorhynchus, shark and skate, and perhaps in the lamprey. On the other hand, it appears to be absent in the perch, mullet, gurnard, mackerel, tench, salmon, trout, herring, plaice, halibut, turbot, sole, cyclopterus, gymnotus and balistes. The general conclusion which the author deduces from his researches is, that the distribution of the thyroid gland is regulated by a simple and uniform law; being dependent on the existence or nonexistence of another organ with which its presence alternates, and which, in many fishes, assumes the form of a minute supplementary gill, the vessels of which communicate, on the one hand, with the systemic veins about the base of the cranium, and on the other, by a single long trunk with the first branchial vein.