Age at first reproduction in wolves: different patterns of density dependence for females and males
Age at first reproduction constitutes a key life-history trait in animals and is evolutionarily shaped by fitness benefits and costs of delayed versus early reproduction. The understanding of how intrinsic and extrinsic changes affects age at first reproduction is crucial for conservation and manage...
Published in: | Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences |
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Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2021.0207 https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/pdf/10.1098/rspb.2021.0207 https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/full-xml/10.1098/rspb.2021.0207 |
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crroyalsociety:10.1098/rspb.2021.0207 2024-06-02T08:05:04+00:00 Age at first reproduction in wolves: different patterns of density dependence for females and males Wikenros, Camilla Gicquel, Morgane Zimmermann, Barbara Flagstad, Øystein Åkesson, Mikael Naturvårdsverket Marie-Claire Cronstedts Stiftelse Svenska Forskningsrådet Formas Svenska Jägareförbundet Miljødirektoratet 2021 http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2021.0207 https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/pdf/10.1098/rspb.2021.0207 https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/full-xml/10.1098/rspb.2021.0207 en eng The Royal Society https://royalsociety.org/journals/ethics-policies/data-sharing-mining/ Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences volume 288, issue 1948 ISSN 0962-8452 1471-2954 journal-article 2021 crroyalsociety https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2021.0207 2024-05-07T14:16:19Z Age at first reproduction constitutes a key life-history trait in animals and is evolutionarily shaped by fitness benefits and costs of delayed versus early reproduction. The understanding of how intrinsic and extrinsic changes affects age at first reproduction is crucial for conservation and management of threatened species because of its demographic effects on population growth and generation time. For a period of 40 years in the Scandinavian wolf ( Canis lupus ) population, including the recolonization phase, we estimated age at first successful reproduction (pup survival to at least three weeks of age) and examined how the variation among individuals was explained by sex, population size (from 1 to 74 packs), primiparous or multiparous origin, reproductive experience of the partner and inbreeding. Median age at first reproduction was 3 years for females ( n = 60) and 2 years for males ( n = 74), and ranged between 1 and 8–10 years of age ( n = 297). Female age at first reproduction decreased with increasing population size, and increased with higher levels of inbreeding. The probability for males to reproduce later first decreased, reaching its minimum when the number of territories approached 40–60, and then increased with increasing population size. Inbreeding for males and reproductive experience of parents and partners for both sexes had overall weak effects on age at first reproduction. These results allow for more accurate parameter estimates when modelling population dynamics for management and conservation of small and vulnerable wolf populations, and show how humans through legal harvest and illegal hunting influence an important life-history trait like age at first reproduction. Article in Journal/Newspaper Canis lupus The Royal Society Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 288 1948 |
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Open Polar |
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The Royal Society |
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crroyalsociety |
language |
English |
description |
Age at first reproduction constitutes a key life-history trait in animals and is evolutionarily shaped by fitness benefits and costs of delayed versus early reproduction. The understanding of how intrinsic and extrinsic changes affects age at first reproduction is crucial for conservation and management of threatened species because of its demographic effects on population growth and generation time. For a period of 40 years in the Scandinavian wolf ( Canis lupus ) population, including the recolonization phase, we estimated age at first successful reproduction (pup survival to at least three weeks of age) and examined how the variation among individuals was explained by sex, population size (from 1 to 74 packs), primiparous or multiparous origin, reproductive experience of the partner and inbreeding. Median age at first reproduction was 3 years for females ( n = 60) and 2 years for males ( n = 74), and ranged between 1 and 8–10 years of age ( n = 297). Female age at first reproduction decreased with increasing population size, and increased with higher levels of inbreeding. The probability for males to reproduce later first decreased, reaching its minimum when the number of territories approached 40–60, and then increased with increasing population size. Inbreeding for males and reproductive experience of parents and partners for both sexes had overall weak effects on age at first reproduction. These results allow for more accurate parameter estimates when modelling population dynamics for management and conservation of small and vulnerable wolf populations, and show how humans through legal harvest and illegal hunting influence an important life-history trait like age at first reproduction. |
author2 |
Naturvårdsverket Marie-Claire Cronstedts Stiftelse Svenska Forskningsrådet Formas Svenska Jägareförbundet Miljødirektoratet |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Wikenros, Camilla Gicquel, Morgane Zimmermann, Barbara Flagstad, Øystein Åkesson, Mikael |
spellingShingle |
Wikenros, Camilla Gicquel, Morgane Zimmermann, Barbara Flagstad, Øystein Åkesson, Mikael Age at first reproduction in wolves: different patterns of density dependence for females and males |
author_facet |
Wikenros, Camilla Gicquel, Morgane Zimmermann, Barbara Flagstad, Øystein Åkesson, Mikael |
author_sort |
Wikenros, Camilla |
title |
Age at first reproduction in wolves: different patterns of density dependence for females and males |
title_short |
Age at first reproduction in wolves: different patterns of density dependence for females and males |
title_full |
Age at first reproduction in wolves: different patterns of density dependence for females and males |
title_fullStr |
Age at first reproduction in wolves: different patterns of density dependence for females and males |
title_full_unstemmed |
Age at first reproduction in wolves: different patterns of density dependence for females and males |
title_sort |
age at first reproduction in wolves: different patterns of density dependence for females and males |
publisher |
The Royal Society |
publishDate |
2021 |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2021.0207 https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/pdf/10.1098/rspb.2021.0207 https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/full-xml/10.1098/rspb.2021.0207 |
genre |
Canis lupus |
genre_facet |
Canis lupus |
op_source |
Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences volume 288, issue 1948 ISSN 0962-8452 1471-2954 |
op_rights |
https://royalsociety.org/journals/ethics-policies/data-sharing-mining/ |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2021.0207 |
container_title |
Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences |
container_volume |
288 |
container_issue |
1948 |
_version_ |
1800749816471355392 |