The reef-building coral Siderastrea sidereaexhibits parabolic responses to ocean acidification and warming
Anthropogenic increases in atmospheric CO 2 over this century are predicted to cause global average surface ocean pH to decline by 0.1–0.3 pH units and sea surface temperature to increase by 1–4°C. We conducted controlled laboratory experiments to investigate the impacts of CO 2 -induced ocean acidi...
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crroyalsociety:10.1098/rspb.2014.1856 2024-06-23T07:55:49+00:00 The reef-building coral Siderastrea sidereaexhibits parabolic responses to ocean acidification and warming Castillo, Karl D. Ries, Justin B. Bruno, John F. Westfield, Isaac T. 2014 http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2014.1856 https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/pdf/10.1098/rspb.2014.1856 https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/full-xml/10.1098/rspb.2014.1856 en eng The Royal Society https://royalsociety.org/journals/ethics-policies/data-sharing-mining/ Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences volume 281, issue 1797, page 20141856 ISSN 0962-8452 1471-2954 journal-article 2014 crroyalsociety https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2014.1856 2024-06-10T04:15:13Z Anthropogenic increases in atmospheric CO 2 over this century are predicted to cause global average surface ocean pH to decline by 0.1–0.3 pH units and sea surface temperature to increase by 1–4°C. We conducted controlled laboratory experiments to investigate the impacts of CO 2 -induced ocean acidification ( p CO 2 = 324, 477, 604, 2553 µatm) and warming (25, 28, 32°C) on the calcification rate of the zooxanthellate scleractinian coral Siderastrea siderea , a widespread, abundant and keystone reef-builder in the Caribbean Sea. We show that both acidification and warming cause a parabolic response in the calcification rate within this coral species. Moderate increases in p CO 2 and warming, relative to near-present-day values, enhanced coral calcification, with calcification rates declining under the highest p CO 2 and thermal conditions. Equivalent responses to acidification and warming were exhibited by colonies across reef zones and the parabolic nature of the corals' response to these stressors was evident across all three of the experiment's 30-day observational intervals. Furthermore, the warming projected by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change for the end of the twenty-first century caused a fivefold decrease in the rate of coral calcification, while the acidification projected for the same interval had no statistically significant impact on the calcification rate—suggesting that ocean warming poses a more immediate threat than acidification for this important coral species. Article in Journal/Newspaper Ocean acidification The Royal Society Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 281 1797 20141856 |
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Open Polar |
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The Royal Society |
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crroyalsociety |
language |
English |
description |
Anthropogenic increases in atmospheric CO 2 over this century are predicted to cause global average surface ocean pH to decline by 0.1–0.3 pH units and sea surface temperature to increase by 1–4°C. We conducted controlled laboratory experiments to investigate the impacts of CO 2 -induced ocean acidification ( p CO 2 = 324, 477, 604, 2553 µatm) and warming (25, 28, 32°C) on the calcification rate of the zooxanthellate scleractinian coral Siderastrea siderea , a widespread, abundant and keystone reef-builder in the Caribbean Sea. We show that both acidification and warming cause a parabolic response in the calcification rate within this coral species. Moderate increases in p CO 2 and warming, relative to near-present-day values, enhanced coral calcification, with calcification rates declining under the highest p CO 2 and thermal conditions. Equivalent responses to acidification and warming were exhibited by colonies across reef zones and the parabolic nature of the corals' response to these stressors was evident across all three of the experiment's 30-day observational intervals. Furthermore, the warming projected by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change for the end of the twenty-first century caused a fivefold decrease in the rate of coral calcification, while the acidification projected for the same interval had no statistically significant impact on the calcification rate—suggesting that ocean warming poses a more immediate threat than acidification for this important coral species. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Castillo, Karl D. Ries, Justin B. Bruno, John F. Westfield, Isaac T. |
spellingShingle |
Castillo, Karl D. Ries, Justin B. Bruno, John F. Westfield, Isaac T. The reef-building coral Siderastrea sidereaexhibits parabolic responses to ocean acidification and warming |
author_facet |
Castillo, Karl D. Ries, Justin B. Bruno, John F. Westfield, Isaac T. |
author_sort |
Castillo, Karl D. |
title |
The reef-building coral Siderastrea sidereaexhibits parabolic responses to ocean acidification and warming |
title_short |
The reef-building coral Siderastrea sidereaexhibits parabolic responses to ocean acidification and warming |
title_full |
The reef-building coral Siderastrea sidereaexhibits parabolic responses to ocean acidification and warming |
title_fullStr |
The reef-building coral Siderastrea sidereaexhibits parabolic responses to ocean acidification and warming |
title_full_unstemmed |
The reef-building coral Siderastrea sidereaexhibits parabolic responses to ocean acidification and warming |
title_sort |
reef-building coral siderastrea sidereaexhibits parabolic responses to ocean acidification and warming |
publisher |
The Royal Society |
publishDate |
2014 |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2014.1856 https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/pdf/10.1098/rspb.2014.1856 https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/full-xml/10.1098/rspb.2014.1856 |
genre |
Ocean acidification |
genre_facet |
Ocean acidification |
op_source |
Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences volume 281, issue 1797, page 20141856 ISSN 0962-8452 1471-2954 |
op_rights |
https://royalsociety.org/journals/ethics-policies/data-sharing-mining/ |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2014.1856 |
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Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences |
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281 |
container_issue |
1797 |
container_start_page |
20141856 |
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1802648554027614208 |