Missing and forbidden links in mutualistic networks
Ecological networks are complexes of interacting species, but not all potential links among species are realized. Unobserved links are either missing or forbidden. Missing links exist, but require more sampling or alternative ways of detection to be verified. Forbidden links remain unobservable, irr...
Published in: | Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences |
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crroyalsociety:10.1098/rspb.2010.1371 2024-06-02T08:02:29+00:00 Missing and forbidden links in mutualistic networks Olesen, Jens M. Bascompte, Jordi Dupont, Yoko L. Elberling, Heidi Rasmussen, Claus Jordano, Pedro 2010 http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2010.1371 https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/pdf/10.1098/rspb.2010.1371 https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/full-xml/10.1098/rspb.2010.1371 en eng The Royal Society https://royalsociety.org/journals/ethics-policies/data-sharing-mining/ Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences volume 278, issue 1706, page 725-732 ISSN 0962-8452 1471-2954 journal-article 2010 crroyalsociety https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2010.1371 2024-05-07T14:16:01Z Ecological networks are complexes of interacting species, but not all potential links among species are realized. Unobserved links are either missing or forbidden. Missing links exist, but require more sampling or alternative ways of detection to be verified. Forbidden links remain unobservable, irrespective of sampling effort. They are caused by linkage constraints. We studied one Arctic pollination network and two Mediterranean seed-dispersal networks. In the first, for example, we recorded flower-visit links for one full season, arranged data in an interaction matrix and got a connectance C of 15 per cent. Interaction accumulation curves documented our sampling of interactions through observation of visits to be robust. Then, we included data on pollen from the body surface of flower visitors as an additional link ‘currency’. This resulted in 98 new links, missing from the visitation data. Thus, the combined visit–pollen matrix got an increased C of 20 per cent. For the three networks, C ranged from 20 to 52 per cent, and thus the percentage of unobserved links (100 − C ) was 48 to 80 per cent; these were assumed forbidden because of linkage constraints and not missing because of under-sampling. Phenological uncoupling (i.e. non-overlapping phenophases between interacting mutualists) is one kind of constraint, and it explained 22 to 28 per cent of all possible, but unobserved links. Increasing phenophase overlap between species increased link probability, but extensive overlaps were required to achieve a high probability. Other kinds of constraint, such as size mismatch and accessibility limitations, are briefly addressed. Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic The Royal Society Arctic Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 278 1706 725 732 |
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crroyalsociety |
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English |
description |
Ecological networks are complexes of interacting species, but not all potential links among species are realized. Unobserved links are either missing or forbidden. Missing links exist, but require more sampling or alternative ways of detection to be verified. Forbidden links remain unobservable, irrespective of sampling effort. They are caused by linkage constraints. We studied one Arctic pollination network and two Mediterranean seed-dispersal networks. In the first, for example, we recorded flower-visit links for one full season, arranged data in an interaction matrix and got a connectance C of 15 per cent. Interaction accumulation curves documented our sampling of interactions through observation of visits to be robust. Then, we included data on pollen from the body surface of flower visitors as an additional link ‘currency’. This resulted in 98 new links, missing from the visitation data. Thus, the combined visit–pollen matrix got an increased C of 20 per cent. For the three networks, C ranged from 20 to 52 per cent, and thus the percentage of unobserved links (100 − C ) was 48 to 80 per cent; these were assumed forbidden because of linkage constraints and not missing because of under-sampling. Phenological uncoupling (i.e. non-overlapping phenophases between interacting mutualists) is one kind of constraint, and it explained 22 to 28 per cent of all possible, but unobserved links. Increasing phenophase overlap between species increased link probability, but extensive overlaps were required to achieve a high probability. Other kinds of constraint, such as size mismatch and accessibility limitations, are briefly addressed. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Olesen, Jens M. Bascompte, Jordi Dupont, Yoko L. Elberling, Heidi Rasmussen, Claus Jordano, Pedro |
spellingShingle |
Olesen, Jens M. Bascompte, Jordi Dupont, Yoko L. Elberling, Heidi Rasmussen, Claus Jordano, Pedro Missing and forbidden links in mutualistic networks |
author_facet |
Olesen, Jens M. Bascompte, Jordi Dupont, Yoko L. Elberling, Heidi Rasmussen, Claus Jordano, Pedro |
author_sort |
Olesen, Jens M. |
title |
Missing and forbidden links in mutualistic networks |
title_short |
Missing and forbidden links in mutualistic networks |
title_full |
Missing and forbidden links in mutualistic networks |
title_fullStr |
Missing and forbidden links in mutualistic networks |
title_full_unstemmed |
Missing and forbidden links in mutualistic networks |
title_sort |
missing and forbidden links in mutualistic networks |
publisher |
The Royal Society |
publishDate |
2010 |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2010.1371 https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/pdf/10.1098/rspb.2010.1371 https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/full-xml/10.1098/rspb.2010.1371 |
geographic |
Arctic |
geographic_facet |
Arctic |
genre |
Arctic |
genre_facet |
Arctic |
op_source |
Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences volume 278, issue 1706, page 725-732 ISSN 0962-8452 1471-2954 |
op_rights |
https://royalsociety.org/journals/ethics-policies/data-sharing-mining/ |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2010.1371 |
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Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences |
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278 |
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1706 |
container_start_page |
725 |
op_container_end_page |
732 |
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1800746979755556864 |