Pseudogenization of the tooth gene enamelysin ( MMP20) in the common ancestor of extant baleen whales
Whales in the suborder Mysticeti are filter feeders that use baleen to sift zooplankton and small fish from ocean waters. Adult mysticetes lack teeth, although tooth buds are present in foetal stages. Cladistic analyses suggest that functional teeth were lost in the common ancestor of crown-group My...
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crroyalsociety:10.1098/rspb.2010.1280 2024-06-02T08:04:02+00:00 Pseudogenization of the tooth gene enamelysin ( MMP20) in the common ancestor of extant baleen whales Meredith, Robert W. Gatesy, John Cheng, Joyce Springer, Mark S. 2010 http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2010.1280 https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/pdf/10.1098/rspb.2010.1280 https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/full-xml/10.1098/rspb.2010.1280 en eng The Royal Society https://royalsociety.org/journals/ethics-policies/data-sharing-mining/ Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences volume 278, issue 1708, page 993-1002 ISSN 0962-8452 1471-2954 journal-article 2010 crroyalsociety https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2010.1280 2024-05-07T14:16:20Z Whales in the suborder Mysticeti are filter feeders that use baleen to sift zooplankton and small fish from ocean waters. Adult mysticetes lack teeth, although tooth buds are present in foetal stages. Cladistic analyses suggest that functional teeth were lost in the common ancestor of crown-group Mysticeti. DNA sequences for the tooth-specific genes, ameloblastin ( AMBN ), enamelin ( ENAM ) and amelogenin ( AMEL ), have frameshift mutations and/or stop codons in this taxon, but none of these molecular cavities are shared by all extant mysticetes. Here, we provide the first evidence for pseudogenization of a tooth gene, enamelysin ( MMP20 ), in the common ancestor of living baleen whales. Specifically, pseudogenization resulted from the insertion of a CHR-2 SINE retroposon in exon 2 of MMP20 . Genomic and palaeontological data now provide congruent support for the loss of enamel-capped teeth on the common ancestral branch of crown-group mysticetes. The new data for MMP20 also document a polymorphic stop codon in exon 2 of the pygmy sperm whale ( Kogia breviceps ), which has enamel-less teeth. These results, in conjunction with the evidence for pseudogenization of MMP20 in Hoffmann's two-toed sloth ( Choloepus hoffmanni ), another enamel-less species, support the hypothesis that the only unique, non-overlapping function of the MMP20 gene is in enamel formation. Article in Journal/Newspaper baleen whales Sperm whale The Royal Society Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 278 1708 993 1002 |
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Open Polar |
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The Royal Society |
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crroyalsociety |
language |
English |
description |
Whales in the suborder Mysticeti are filter feeders that use baleen to sift zooplankton and small fish from ocean waters. Adult mysticetes lack teeth, although tooth buds are present in foetal stages. Cladistic analyses suggest that functional teeth were lost in the common ancestor of crown-group Mysticeti. DNA sequences for the tooth-specific genes, ameloblastin ( AMBN ), enamelin ( ENAM ) and amelogenin ( AMEL ), have frameshift mutations and/or stop codons in this taxon, but none of these molecular cavities are shared by all extant mysticetes. Here, we provide the first evidence for pseudogenization of a tooth gene, enamelysin ( MMP20 ), in the common ancestor of living baleen whales. Specifically, pseudogenization resulted from the insertion of a CHR-2 SINE retroposon in exon 2 of MMP20 . Genomic and palaeontological data now provide congruent support for the loss of enamel-capped teeth on the common ancestral branch of crown-group mysticetes. The new data for MMP20 also document a polymorphic stop codon in exon 2 of the pygmy sperm whale ( Kogia breviceps ), which has enamel-less teeth. These results, in conjunction with the evidence for pseudogenization of MMP20 in Hoffmann's two-toed sloth ( Choloepus hoffmanni ), another enamel-less species, support the hypothesis that the only unique, non-overlapping function of the MMP20 gene is in enamel formation. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Meredith, Robert W. Gatesy, John Cheng, Joyce Springer, Mark S. |
spellingShingle |
Meredith, Robert W. Gatesy, John Cheng, Joyce Springer, Mark S. Pseudogenization of the tooth gene enamelysin ( MMP20) in the common ancestor of extant baleen whales |
author_facet |
Meredith, Robert W. Gatesy, John Cheng, Joyce Springer, Mark S. |
author_sort |
Meredith, Robert W. |
title |
Pseudogenization of the tooth gene enamelysin ( MMP20) in the common ancestor of extant baleen whales |
title_short |
Pseudogenization of the tooth gene enamelysin ( MMP20) in the common ancestor of extant baleen whales |
title_full |
Pseudogenization of the tooth gene enamelysin ( MMP20) in the common ancestor of extant baleen whales |
title_fullStr |
Pseudogenization of the tooth gene enamelysin ( MMP20) in the common ancestor of extant baleen whales |
title_full_unstemmed |
Pseudogenization of the tooth gene enamelysin ( MMP20) in the common ancestor of extant baleen whales |
title_sort |
pseudogenization of the tooth gene enamelysin ( mmp20) in the common ancestor of extant baleen whales |
publisher |
The Royal Society |
publishDate |
2010 |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2010.1280 https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/pdf/10.1098/rspb.2010.1280 https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/full-xml/10.1098/rspb.2010.1280 |
genre |
baleen whales Sperm whale |
genre_facet |
baleen whales Sperm whale |
op_source |
Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences volume 278, issue 1708, page 993-1002 ISSN 0962-8452 1471-2954 |
op_rights |
https://royalsociety.org/journals/ethics-policies/data-sharing-mining/ |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2010.1280 |
container_title |
Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences |
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278 |
container_issue |
1708 |
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993 |
op_container_end_page |
1002 |
_version_ |
1800748659972767744 |