The direct effects of increasing CO 2 and temperature on non-calcifying organisms: increasing the potential for phase shifts in kelp forests
Predictions about the ecological consequences of oceanic uptake of CO 2 have been preoccupied with the effects of ocean acidification on calcifying organisms, particularly those critical to the formation of habitats (e.g. coral reefs) or their maintenance (e.g. grazing echinoderms). This focus overl...
Published in: | Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences |
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crroyalsociety:10.1098/rspb.2009.2069 2024-06-23T07:55:50+00:00 The direct effects of increasing CO 2 and temperature on non-calcifying organisms: increasing the potential for phase shifts in kelp forests Connell, Sean D. Russell, Bayden D. 2010 http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2009.2069 https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/pdf/10.1098/rspb.2009.2069 https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/full-xml/10.1098/rspb.2009.2069 en eng The Royal Society https://royalsociety.org/journals/ethics-policies/data-sharing-mining/ Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences volume 277, issue 1686, page 1409-1415 ISSN 0962-8452 1471-2954 journal-article 2010 crroyalsociety https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2009.2069 2024-06-10T04:15:13Z Predictions about the ecological consequences of oceanic uptake of CO 2 have been preoccupied with the effects of ocean acidification on calcifying organisms, particularly those critical to the formation of habitats (e.g. coral reefs) or their maintenance (e.g. grazing echinoderms). This focus overlooks the direct effects of CO 2 on non-calcareous taxa, particularly those that play critical roles in ecosystem shifts. We used two experiments to investigate whether increased CO 2 could exacerbate kelp loss by facilitating non-calcareous algae that, we hypothesized, (i) inhibit the recovery of kelp forests on an urbanized coast, and (ii) form more extensive covers and greater biomass under moderate future CO 2 and associated temperature increases. Our experimental removal of turfs from a phase-shifted system (i.e. kelp- to turf-dominated) revealed that the number of kelp recruits increased, thereby indicating that turfs can inhibit kelp recruitment. Future CO 2 and temperature interacted synergistically to have a positive effect on the abundance of algal turfs, whereby they had twice the biomass and occupied over four times more available space than under current conditions. We suggest that the current preoccupation with the negative effects of ocean acidification on marine calcifiers overlooks potentially profound effects of increasing CO 2 and temperature on non-calcifying organisms. Article in Journal/Newspaper Ocean acidification The Royal Society Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 277 1686 1409 1415 |
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The Royal Society |
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crroyalsociety |
language |
English |
description |
Predictions about the ecological consequences of oceanic uptake of CO 2 have been preoccupied with the effects of ocean acidification on calcifying organisms, particularly those critical to the formation of habitats (e.g. coral reefs) or their maintenance (e.g. grazing echinoderms). This focus overlooks the direct effects of CO 2 on non-calcareous taxa, particularly those that play critical roles in ecosystem shifts. We used two experiments to investigate whether increased CO 2 could exacerbate kelp loss by facilitating non-calcareous algae that, we hypothesized, (i) inhibit the recovery of kelp forests on an urbanized coast, and (ii) form more extensive covers and greater biomass under moderate future CO 2 and associated temperature increases. Our experimental removal of turfs from a phase-shifted system (i.e. kelp- to turf-dominated) revealed that the number of kelp recruits increased, thereby indicating that turfs can inhibit kelp recruitment. Future CO 2 and temperature interacted synergistically to have a positive effect on the abundance of algal turfs, whereby they had twice the biomass and occupied over four times more available space than under current conditions. We suggest that the current preoccupation with the negative effects of ocean acidification on marine calcifiers overlooks potentially profound effects of increasing CO 2 and temperature on non-calcifying organisms. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Connell, Sean D. Russell, Bayden D. |
spellingShingle |
Connell, Sean D. Russell, Bayden D. The direct effects of increasing CO 2 and temperature on non-calcifying organisms: increasing the potential for phase shifts in kelp forests |
author_facet |
Connell, Sean D. Russell, Bayden D. |
author_sort |
Connell, Sean D. |
title |
The direct effects of increasing CO 2 and temperature on non-calcifying organisms: increasing the potential for phase shifts in kelp forests |
title_short |
The direct effects of increasing CO 2 and temperature on non-calcifying organisms: increasing the potential for phase shifts in kelp forests |
title_full |
The direct effects of increasing CO 2 and temperature on non-calcifying organisms: increasing the potential for phase shifts in kelp forests |
title_fullStr |
The direct effects of increasing CO 2 and temperature on non-calcifying organisms: increasing the potential for phase shifts in kelp forests |
title_full_unstemmed |
The direct effects of increasing CO 2 and temperature on non-calcifying organisms: increasing the potential for phase shifts in kelp forests |
title_sort |
direct effects of increasing co 2 and temperature on non-calcifying organisms: increasing the potential for phase shifts in kelp forests |
publisher |
The Royal Society |
publishDate |
2010 |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2009.2069 https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/pdf/10.1098/rspb.2009.2069 https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/full-xml/10.1098/rspb.2009.2069 |
genre |
Ocean acidification |
genre_facet |
Ocean acidification |
op_source |
Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences volume 277, issue 1686, page 1409-1415 ISSN 0962-8452 1471-2954 |
op_rights |
https://royalsociety.org/journals/ethics-policies/data-sharing-mining/ |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2009.2069 |
container_title |
Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences |
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277 |
container_issue |
1686 |
container_start_page |
1409 |
op_container_end_page |
1415 |
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1802648555615158272 |