Multiple gene evidence for expansion of extant penguins out of Antarctica due to global cooling
Classic problems in historical biogeography are where did penguins originate, and why are such mobile birds restricted to the Southern Hemisphere? Competing hypotheses posit they arose in tropical–warm temperate waters, species-diverse cool temperate regions, or in Gondwanaland ∼100 mya when it was...
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crroyalsociety:10.1098/rspb.2005.3260 2024-09-15T17:42:10+00:00 Multiple gene evidence for expansion of extant penguins out of Antarctica due to global cooling Baker, Allan J Pereira, Sergio Luiz Haddrath, Oliver P Edge, Kerri-Anne 2005 http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2005.3260 https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/pdf/10.1098/rspb.2005.3260 https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/full-xml/10.1098/rspb.2005.3260 en eng The Royal Society https://royalsociety.org/journals/ethics-policies/data-sharing-mining/ Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences volume 273, issue 1582, page 11-17 ISSN 0962-8452 1471-2954 journal-article 2005 crroyalsociety https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2005.3260 2024-08-26T04:20:59Z Classic problems in historical biogeography are where did penguins originate, and why are such mobile birds restricted to the Southern Hemisphere? Competing hypotheses posit they arose in tropical–warm temperate waters, species-diverse cool temperate regions, or in Gondwanaland ∼100 mya when it was further north. To test these hypotheses we constructed a strongly supported phylogeny of extant penguins from 5851 bp of mitochondrial and nuclear DNA. Using Bayesian inference of ancestral areas we show that an Antarctic origin of extant taxa is highly likely, and that more derived taxa occur in lower latitudes. Molecular dating estimated penguins originated about 71 million years ago in Gondwanaland when it was further south and cooler. Moreover, extant taxa are inferred to have originated in the Eocene, coincident with the extinction of the larger-bodied fossil taxa as global climate cooled. We hypothesize that, as Antarctica became ice-encrusted, modern penguins expanded via the circumpolar current to oceanic islands within the Antarctic Convergence, and later to the southern continents. Thus, global cooling has had a major impact on penguin evolution, as it has on vertebrates generally. Penguins only reached cooler tropical waters in the Galapagos about 4 mya, and have not crossed the equatorial thermal barrier. Article in Journal/Newspaper Antarc* Antarctic Antarctica The Royal Society Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 273 1582 11 17 |
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Open Polar |
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The Royal Society |
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crroyalsociety |
language |
English |
description |
Classic problems in historical biogeography are where did penguins originate, and why are such mobile birds restricted to the Southern Hemisphere? Competing hypotheses posit they arose in tropical–warm temperate waters, species-diverse cool temperate regions, or in Gondwanaland ∼100 mya when it was further north. To test these hypotheses we constructed a strongly supported phylogeny of extant penguins from 5851 bp of mitochondrial and nuclear DNA. Using Bayesian inference of ancestral areas we show that an Antarctic origin of extant taxa is highly likely, and that more derived taxa occur in lower latitudes. Molecular dating estimated penguins originated about 71 million years ago in Gondwanaland when it was further south and cooler. Moreover, extant taxa are inferred to have originated in the Eocene, coincident with the extinction of the larger-bodied fossil taxa as global climate cooled. We hypothesize that, as Antarctica became ice-encrusted, modern penguins expanded via the circumpolar current to oceanic islands within the Antarctic Convergence, and later to the southern continents. Thus, global cooling has had a major impact on penguin evolution, as it has on vertebrates generally. Penguins only reached cooler tropical waters in the Galapagos about 4 mya, and have not crossed the equatorial thermal barrier. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Baker, Allan J Pereira, Sergio Luiz Haddrath, Oliver P Edge, Kerri-Anne |
spellingShingle |
Baker, Allan J Pereira, Sergio Luiz Haddrath, Oliver P Edge, Kerri-Anne Multiple gene evidence for expansion of extant penguins out of Antarctica due to global cooling |
author_facet |
Baker, Allan J Pereira, Sergio Luiz Haddrath, Oliver P Edge, Kerri-Anne |
author_sort |
Baker, Allan J |
title |
Multiple gene evidence for expansion of extant penguins out of Antarctica due to global cooling |
title_short |
Multiple gene evidence for expansion of extant penguins out of Antarctica due to global cooling |
title_full |
Multiple gene evidence for expansion of extant penguins out of Antarctica due to global cooling |
title_fullStr |
Multiple gene evidence for expansion of extant penguins out of Antarctica due to global cooling |
title_full_unstemmed |
Multiple gene evidence for expansion of extant penguins out of Antarctica due to global cooling |
title_sort |
multiple gene evidence for expansion of extant penguins out of antarctica due to global cooling |
publisher |
The Royal Society |
publishDate |
2005 |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2005.3260 https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/pdf/10.1098/rspb.2005.3260 https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/full-xml/10.1098/rspb.2005.3260 |
genre |
Antarc* Antarctic Antarctica |
genre_facet |
Antarc* Antarctic Antarctica |
op_source |
Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences volume 273, issue 1582, page 11-17 ISSN 0962-8452 1471-2954 |
op_rights |
https://royalsociety.org/journals/ethics-policies/data-sharing-mining/ |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2005.3260 |
container_title |
Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences |
container_volume |
273 |
container_issue |
1582 |
container_start_page |
11 |
op_container_end_page |
17 |
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1810488614211026944 |