The relationship between the climates, ecology and plant geography of the southern cold temperate zone and of the tropical high mountains
This asymmetry of the two hemispheres may be demonstrated by drawing a profile-diagram of the climatic vegetation belts from the northern to the southern polar regions, or by constructing a ‘summarized continent’ (i.e. a world map showing the proportions of land and sea in the different latitudes of...
Published in: | Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B. Biological Sciences |
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Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.1960.0060 https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/pdf/10.1098/rspb.1960.0060 |
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crroyalsociety:10.1098/rspb.1960.0060 2024-06-02T07:58:11+00:00 The relationship between the climates, ecology and plant geography of the southern cold temperate zone and of the tropical high mountains 1960 http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.1960.0060 https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/pdf/10.1098/rspb.1960.0060 en eng The Royal Society https://royalsociety.org/journals/ethics-policies/data-sharing-mining/ Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B. Biological Sciences volume 152, issue 949, page 529-532 ISSN 0080-4649 2053-9193 journal-article 1960 crroyalsociety https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.1960.0060 2024-05-07T14:16:53Z This asymmetry of the two hemispheres may be demonstrated by drawing a profile-diagram of the climatic vegetation belts from the northern to the southern polar regions, or by constructing a ‘summarized continent’ (i.e. a world map showing the proportions of land and sea in the different latitudes of the globe). The typical boreal vegetation types—tundra, coniferous forests and caducous broadleaved forests—are restricted to the continental, winter-cold climates of North America and Eurasia, while in the high-oceanic cold temperate zone of the southern hemisphere tussock grasslands, communities with cushion plants, and luxuriant evergreen scrubs and forests exist. The cool-temperate forests of Patagonia and New Zealand have a striking similarity to the upper montane forests of tropical mountains (Ceja de la Montaña of the Andes; moss-forests, and elfin forests of East Africa and Malaysia). Similarly the tussock grasslands of the subantarctic have their counterparts in the tussock and cushion formations of equatorial high mountains (páramos). The same arrangement of zones may be observed vertically, between lowlands and mountains, in New Guinea, as is encountered when proceeding from north to south at one level in New Zealand. In each case the succession passes from tropical rainforests through lower montane forests with Weinmannia, Podocarpus and Nothofagus to upper montane forests with Libocedrus and Dacrydium and then to tussock grassland with Danthonia (Troll 1947). These contrasts and similarities can be correlated clearly with temperature conditions, and this is best illustrated by comparing so-called thermoisopleth diagrams for Macquarie Island, Quito, McMurdo Sound (Antarctica) and Oxford. Article in Journal/Newspaper Antarc* Antarctica Macquarie Island McMurdo Sound Tundra The Royal Society McMurdo Sound New Zealand Patagonia Quito ENVELOPE(-59.783,-59.783,-62.450,-62.450) Troll ENVELOPE(2.534,2.534,-72.002,-72.002) Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B. Biological Sciences 152 949 529 532 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
The Royal Society |
op_collection_id |
crroyalsociety |
language |
English |
description |
This asymmetry of the two hemispheres may be demonstrated by drawing a profile-diagram of the climatic vegetation belts from the northern to the southern polar regions, or by constructing a ‘summarized continent’ (i.e. a world map showing the proportions of land and sea in the different latitudes of the globe). The typical boreal vegetation types—tundra, coniferous forests and caducous broadleaved forests—are restricted to the continental, winter-cold climates of North America and Eurasia, while in the high-oceanic cold temperate zone of the southern hemisphere tussock grasslands, communities with cushion plants, and luxuriant evergreen scrubs and forests exist. The cool-temperate forests of Patagonia and New Zealand have a striking similarity to the upper montane forests of tropical mountains (Ceja de la Montaña of the Andes; moss-forests, and elfin forests of East Africa and Malaysia). Similarly the tussock grasslands of the subantarctic have their counterparts in the tussock and cushion formations of equatorial high mountains (páramos). The same arrangement of zones may be observed vertically, between lowlands and mountains, in New Guinea, as is encountered when proceeding from north to south at one level in New Zealand. In each case the succession passes from tropical rainforests through lower montane forests with Weinmannia, Podocarpus and Nothofagus to upper montane forests with Libocedrus and Dacrydium and then to tussock grassland with Danthonia (Troll 1947). These contrasts and similarities can be correlated clearly with temperature conditions, and this is best illustrated by comparing so-called thermoisopleth diagrams for Macquarie Island, Quito, McMurdo Sound (Antarctica) and Oxford. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
title |
The relationship between the climates, ecology and plant geography of the southern cold temperate zone and of the tropical high mountains |
spellingShingle |
The relationship between the climates, ecology and plant geography of the southern cold temperate zone and of the tropical high mountains |
title_short |
The relationship between the climates, ecology and plant geography of the southern cold temperate zone and of the tropical high mountains |
title_full |
The relationship between the climates, ecology and plant geography of the southern cold temperate zone and of the tropical high mountains |
title_fullStr |
The relationship between the climates, ecology and plant geography of the southern cold temperate zone and of the tropical high mountains |
title_full_unstemmed |
The relationship between the climates, ecology and plant geography of the southern cold temperate zone and of the tropical high mountains |
title_sort |
relationship between the climates, ecology and plant geography of the southern cold temperate zone and of the tropical high mountains |
publisher |
The Royal Society |
publishDate |
1960 |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.1960.0060 https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/pdf/10.1098/rspb.1960.0060 |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(-59.783,-59.783,-62.450,-62.450) ENVELOPE(2.534,2.534,-72.002,-72.002) |
geographic |
McMurdo Sound New Zealand Patagonia Quito Troll |
geographic_facet |
McMurdo Sound New Zealand Patagonia Quito Troll |
genre |
Antarc* Antarctica Macquarie Island McMurdo Sound Tundra |
genre_facet |
Antarc* Antarctica Macquarie Island McMurdo Sound Tundra |
op_source |
Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B. Biological Sciences volume 152, issue 949, page 529-532 ISSN 0080-4649 2053-9193 |
op_rights |
https://royalsociety.org/journals/ethics-policies/data-sharing-mining/ |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.1960.0060 |
container_title |
Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B. Biological Sciences |
container_volume |
152 |
container_issue |
949 |
container_start_page |
529 |
op_container_end_page |
532 |
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1800741463590436864 |