The pattern of radiative heating and cooling in the troposphere and lower stratosphere
For any meteorological effects of radiation, only those constituents of the air which have a very strong absorption in the infra-red are involved; these are water vapour and carbon dioxide. Several methods have been developed (Mügge & Möller 1932 a, b Elsasser 1942; Yamamoto 1952) for computing...
Published in: | Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series A. Mathematical and Physical Sciences |
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Format: | Article in Journal/Newspaper |
Language: | English |
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The Royal Society
1956
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Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspa.1956.0121 https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/pdf/10.1098/rspa.1956.0121 |
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crroyalsociety:10.1098/rspa.1956.0121 2024-06-02T08:01:30+00:00 The pattern of radiative heating and cooling in the troposphere and lower stratosphere 1956 http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspa.1956.0121 https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/pdf/10.1098/rspa.1956.0121 en eng The Royal Society https://royalsociety.org/journals/ethics-policies/data-sharing-mining/ Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series A. Mathematical and Physical Sciences volume 236, issue 1205, page 148-156 ISSN 0080-4630 2053-9169 journal-article 1956 crroyalsociety https://doi.org/10.1098/rspa.1956.0121 2024-05-07T14:16:40Z For any meteorological effects of radiation, only those constituents of the air which have a very strong absorption in the infra-red are involved; these are water vapour and carbon dioxide. Several methods have been developed (Mügge & Möller 1932 a, b Elsasser 1942; Yamamoto 1952) for computing the radiation flux, and numerous calculations of these fluxes and of the cooling rates have been performed in the last 25 years (Ludwig 1935; Kortiim 1939; Thompson & Neiburger 1955). The results are summarized in figure 1, which shows the distribution of the temperature and of the cooling rate by water vapour in some characteristic atmospheres. The lower levels of the tropical atmosphere have a small cooling rate because the higher layers are very humid and the lower layers are thus sheltered from radiation losses. A contrary effect occurs at 30° latitude, where a very dry subsiding middle atmosphere is observed above a very wet trade-wind layer. In the arctic atmosphere a high cooling rate results for 1.5 km as a consequence of the conduction-like effect of radiation. The maximum values of the cooling rate are attained in the higher troposphere; they shift to somewhat lower levels with decreasing temperature and decreasing water-vapour content, from 10.5 km in the tropics to 7 km in middle latitudes and 4 km in the arctic. Apart from the extreme conditions in the arctic, the curves do not show much difference, and it is probable that all the differences may be understood by considering only the different amount of precipitable water. Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic The Royal Society Arctic Mügge ENVELOPE(-67.792,-67.792,-66.926,-66.926) Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series A. Mathematical and Physical Sciences 236 1205 148 156 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
The Royal Society |
op_collection_id |
crroyalsociety |
language |
English |
description |
For any meteorological effects of radiation, only those constituents of the air which have a very strong absorption in the infra-red are involved; these are water vapour and carbon dioxide. Several methods have been developed (Mügge & Möller 1932 a, b Elsasser 1942; Yamamoto 1952) for computing the radiation flux, and numerous calculations of these fluxes and of the cooling rates have been performed in the last 25 years (Ludwig 1935; Kortiim 1939; Thompson & Neiburger 1955). The results are summarized in figure 1, which shows the distribution of the temperature and of the cooling rate by water vapour in some characteristic atmospheres. The lower levels of the tropical atmosphere have a small cooling rate because the higher layers are very humid and the lower layers are thus sheltered from radiation losses. A contrary effect occurs at 30° latitude, where a very dry subsiding middle atmosphere is observed above a very wet trade-wind layer. In the arctic atmosphere a high cooling rate results for 1.5 km as a consequence of the conduction-like effect of radiation. The maximum values of the cooling rate are attained in the higher troposphere; they shift to somewhat lower levels with decreasing temperature and decreasing water-vapour content, from 10.5 km in the tropics to 7 km in middle latitudes and 4 km in the arctic. Apart from the extreme conditions in the arctic, the curves do not show much difference, and it is probable that all the differences may be understood by considering only the different amount of precipitable water. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
title |
The pattern of radiative heating and cooling in the troposphere and lower stratosphere |
spellingShingle |
The pattern of radiative heating and cooling in the troposphere and lower stratosphere |
title_short |
The pattern of radiative heating and cooling in the troposphere and lower stratosphere |
title_full |
The pattern of radiative heating and cooling in the troposphere and lower stratosphere |
title_fullStr |
The pattern of radiative heating and cooling in the troposphere and lower stratosphere |
title_full_unstemmed |
The pattern of radiative heating and cooling in the troposphere and lower stratosphere |
title_sort |
pattern of radiative heating and cooling in the troposphere and lower stratosphere |
publisher |
The Royal Society |
publishDate |
1956 |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspa.1956.0121 https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/pdf/10.1098/rspa.1956.0121 |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(-67.792,-67.792,-66.926,-66.926) |
geographic |
Arctic Mügge |
geographic_facet |
Arctic Mügge |
genre |
Arctic |
genre_facet |
Arctic |
op_source |
Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series A. Mathematical and Physical Sciences volume 236, issue 1205, page 148-156 ISSN 0080-4630 2053-9169 |
op_rights |
https://royalsociety.org/journals/ethics-policies/data-sharing-mining/ |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1098/rspa.1956.0121 |
container_title |
Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series A. Mathematical and Physical Sciences |
container_volume |
236 |
container_issue |
1205 |
container_start_page |
148 |
op_container_end_page |
156 |
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1800745881682575360 |