Behavioural responses of fin whales to military mid-frequency active sonar
The effect of active sonars on marine mammal behaviour is a topic of considerable interest and scientific investigation. Some whales, including the largest species (blue whales, Balaenoptera musculus ), can be impacted by mid-frequency (1–10 kHz) military sonars. Here we apply complementary experime...
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Language: | English |
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Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.231775 https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/pdf/10.1098/rsos.231775 https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/full-xml/10.1098/rsos.231775 |
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crroyalsociety:10.1098/rsos.231775 2024-09-30T14:32:43+00:00 Behavioural responses of fin whales to military mid-frequency active sonar Southall, Brandon L. Allen, Ann N. Calambokidis, John Casey, Caroline DeRuiter, Stacy L. Fregosi, Selene Friedlaender, Ari S. Goldbogen, Jeremy A. Harris, Catriona M. Hazen, Elliott L. Popov, Valentin Stimpert, Alison K. Office of Naval Research US Navy Living Marine Resources Program 2023 http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.231775 https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/pdf/10.1098/rsos.231775 https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/full-xml/10.1098/rsos.231775 en eng The Royal Society http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Royal Society Open Science volume 10, issue 12 ISSN 2054-5703 journal-article 2023 crroyalsociety https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.231775 2024-09-02T04:21:03Z The effect of active sonars on marine mammal behaviour is a topic of considerable interest and scientific investigation. Some whales, including the largest species (blue whales, Balaenoptera musculus ), can be impacted by mid-frequency (1–10 kHz) military sonars. Here we apply complementary experimental methods to provide the first experimentally controlled measurements of behavioural responses to military sonar and similar stimuli for a related endangered species, fin whales ( Balaenoptera physalus ). Analytical methods include: (i) principal component analysis paired with generalized additive mixed models; (ii) hidden Markov models; and (iii) structured expert elicitation using response severity metrics. These approaches provide complementary perspectives on the nature of potential changes within and across individuals. Behavioural changes were detected in five of 15 whales during controlled exposure experiments using mid-frequency active sonar or pseudorandom noise of similar frequency, duration and source and received level. No changes were detected during six control (no noise) sequences. Overall responses were more limited in occurrence, severity and duration than in blue whales and were less dependent upon contextual aspects of exposure and more contingent upon exposure received level. Quantifying the factors influencing marine mammal responses to sonar is critical in assessing and mitigating future impacts. Article in Journal/Newspaper Balaenoptera musculus Balaenoptera physalus The Royal Society Royal Society Open Science 10 12 |
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Open Polar |
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The Royal Society |
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crroyalsociety |
language |
English |
description |
The effect of active sonars on marine mammal behaviour is a topic of considerable interest and scientific investigation. Some whales, including the largest species (blue whales, Balaenoptera musculus ), can be impacted by mid-frequency (1–10 kHz) military sonars. Here we apply complementary experimental methods to provide the first experimentally controlled measurements of behavioural responses to military sonar and similar stimuli for a related endangered species, fin whales ( Balaenoptera physalus ). Analytical methods include: (i) principal component analysis paired with generalized additive mixed models; (ii) hidden Markov models; and (iii) structured expert elicitation using response severity metrics. These approaches provide complementary perspectives on the nature of potential changes within and across individuals. Behavioural changes were detected in five of 15 whales during controlled exposure experiments using mid-frequency active sonar or pseudorandom noise of similar frequency, duration and source and received level. No changes were detected during six control (no noise) sequences. Overall responses were more limited in occurrence, severity and duration than in blue whales and were less dependent upon contextual aspects of exposure and more contingent upon exposure received level. Quantifying the factors influencing marine mammal responses to sonar is critical in assessing and mitigating future impacts. |
author2 |
Office of Naval Research US Navy Living Marine Resources Program |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Southall, Brandon L. Allen, Ann N. Calambokidis, John Casey, Caroline DeRuiter, Stacy L. Fregosi, Selene Friedlaender, Ari S. Goldbogen, Jeremy A. Harris, Catriona M. Hazen, Elliott L. Popov, Valentin Stimpert, Alison K. |
spellingShingle |
Southall, Brandon L. Allen, Ann N. Calambokidis, John Casey, Caroline DeRuiter, Stacy L. Fregosi, Selene Friedlaender, Ari S. Goldbogen, Jeremy A. Harris, Catriona M. Hazen, Elliott L. Popov, Valentin Stimpert, Alison K. Behavioural responses of fin whales to military mid-frequency active sonar |
author_facet |
Southall, Brandon L. Allen, Ann N. Calambokidis, John Casey, Caroline DeRuiter, Stacy L. Fregosi, Selene Friedlaender, Ari S. Goldbogen, Jeremy A. Harris, Catriona M. Hazen, Elliott L. Popov, Valentin Stimpert, Alison K. |
author_sort |
Southall, Brandon L. |
title |
Behavioural responses of fin whales to military mid-frequency active sonar |
title_short |
Behavioural responses of fin whales to military mid-frequency active sonar |
title_full |
Behavioural responses of fin whales to military mid-frequency active sonar |
title_fullStr |
Behavioural responses of fin whales to military mid-frequency active sonar |
title_full_unstemmed |
Behavioural responses of fin whales to military mid-frequency active sonar |
title_sort |
behavioural responses of fin whales to military mid-frequency active sonar |
publisher |
The Royal Society |
publishDate |
2023 |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.231775 https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/pdf/10.1098/rsos.231775 https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/full-xml/10.1098/rsos.231775 |
genre |
Balaenoptera musculus Balaenoptera physalus |
genre_facet |
Balaenoptera musculus Balaenoptera physalus |
op_source |
Royal Society Open Science volume 10, issue 12 ISSN 2054-5703 |
op_rights |
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.231775 |
container_title |
Royal Society Open Science |
container_volume |
10 |
container_issue |
12 |
_version_ |
1811636783792783360 |