Hydrodynamics of metachronal paddling: effects of varying Reynolds number and phase lag
Negatively buoyant freely swimming crustaceans such as krill must generate downward momentum in order to maintain their position in the water column. These animals use a drag-based propulsion strategy, where pairs of closely spaced swimming limbs are oscillated rhythmically from the tail to head. Ea...
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crroyalsociety:10.1098/rsos.191387 2024-06-02T07:57:34+00:00 Hydrodynamics of metachronal paddling: effects of varying Reynolds number and phase lag Ford, Mitchell P. Lai, Hong Kuan Samaee, Milad Santhanakrishnan, Arvind Division of Chemical, Bioengineering, Environmental, and Transport Systems 2019 http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.191387 https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/pdf/10.1098/rsos.191387 https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/full-xml/10.1098/rsos.191387 en eng The Royal Society https://royalsociety.org/journals/ethics-policies/data-sharing-mining/ Royal Society Open Science volume 6, issue 10, page 191387 ISSN 2054-5703 journal-article 2019 crroyalsociety https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.191387 2024-05-07T14:16:27Z Negatively buoyant freely swimming crustaceans such as krill must generate downward momentum in order to maintain their position in the water column. These animals use a drag-based propulsion strategy, where pairs of closely spaced swimming limbs are oscillated rhythmically from the tail to head. Each pair is oscillated with a phase delay relative to the neighbouring pair, resulting in a metachronal wave travelling in the direction of animal motion. It remains unclear how oscillations of limbs in the horizontal plane can generate vertical momentum. Using particle image velocimetry measurements on a robotic model, we observed that metachronal paddling with non-zero phase lag created geometries of adjacent paddles that promote the formation of counter-rotating vortices. The interaction of these vortices resulted in generating large-scale angled downward jets. Increasing phase lag resulted in more vertical orientation of the jet, and phase lags in the range used by Antarctic krill produced the most total momentum. Synchronous paddling produced lower total momentum when compared with metachronal paddling. Lowering Reynolds number by an order of magnitude below the range of adult krill (250–1000) showed diminished downward propagation of the jet and lower vertical momentum. Our findings show that metachronal paddling is capable of producing flows that can generate both lift (vertical) and thrust (horizontal) forces needed for fast forward swimming and hovering. Article in Journal/Newspaper Antarc* Antarctic Antarctic Krill The Royal Society Antarctic Royal Society Open Science 6 10 191387 |
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Open Polar |
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The Royal Society |
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crroyalsociety |
language |
English |
description |
Negatively buoyant freely swimming crustaceans such as krill must generate downward momentum in order to maintain their position in the water column. These animals use a drag-based propulsion strategy, where pairs of closely spaced swimming limbs are oscillated rhythmically from the tail to head. Each pair is oscillated with a phase delay relative to the neighbouring pair, resulting in a metachronal wave travelling in the direction of animal motion. It remains unclear how oscillations of limbs in the horizontal plane can generate vertical momentum. Using particle image velocimetry measurements on a robotic model, we observed that metachronal paddling with non-zero phase lag created geometries of adjacent paddles that promote the formation of counter-rotating vortices. The interaction of these vortices resulted in generating large-scale angled downward jets. Increasing phase lag resulted in more vertical orientation of the jet, and phase lags in the range used by Antarctic krill produced the most total momentum. Synchronous paddling produced lower total momentum when compared with metachronal paddling. Lowering Reynolds number by an order of magnitude below the range of adult krill (250–1000) showed diminished downward propagation of the jet and lower vertical momentum. Our findings show that metachronal paddling is capable of producing flows that can generate both lift (vertical) and thrust (horizontal) forces needed for fast forward swimming and hovering. |
author2 |
Division of Chemical, Bioengineering, Environmental, and Transport Systems |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Ford, Mitchell P. Lai, Hong Kuan Samaee, Milad Santhanakrishnan, Arvind |
spellingShingle |
Ford, Mitchell P. Lai, Hong Kuan Samaee, Milad Santhanakrishnan, Arvind Hydrodynamics of metachronal paddling: effects of varying Reynolds number and phase lag |
author_facet |
Ford, Mitchell P. Lai, Hong Kuan Samaee, Milad Santhanakrishnan, Arvind |
author_sort |
Ford, Mitchell P. |
title |
Hydrodynamics of metachronal paddling: effects of varying Reynolds number and phase lag |
title_short |
Hydrodynamics of metachronal paddling: effects of varying Reynolds number and phase lag |
title_full |
Hydrodynamics of metachronal paddling: effects of varying Reynolds number and phase lag |
title_fullStr |
Hydrodynamics of metachronal paddling: effects of varying Reynolds number and phase lag |
title_full_unstemmed |
Hydrodynamics of metachronal paddling: effects of varying Reynolds number and phase lag |
title_sort |
hydrodynamics of metachronal paddling: effects of varying reynolds number and phase lag |
publisher |
The Royal Society |
publishDate |
2019 |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.191387 https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/pdf/10.1098/rsos.191387 https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/full-xml/10.1098/rsos.191387 |
geographic |
Antarctic |
geographic_facet |
Antarctic |
genre |
Antarc* Antarctic Antarctic Krill |
genre_facet |
Antarc* Antarctic Antarctic Krill |
op_source |
Royal Society Open Science volume 6, issue 10, page 191387 ISSN 2054-5703 |
op_rights |
https://royalsociety.org/journals/ethics-policies/data-sharing-mining/ |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.191387 |
container_title |
Royal Society Open Science |
container_volume |
6 |
container_issue |
10 |
container_start_page |
191387 |
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1800740730590724096 |