THE ACTIVATION OF STARFISH EGGS BY ACIDS
1. Comparison of the rates of activation of unfertilized starfish eggs in pure solutions of a variety of parthenogenetically effective organic acids (fatty acids, carbonic acid, benzoic and salicylic acids, chloro- and nitrobenzoic acids) shows that solutions which activate the eggs at the same rate...
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1927
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crrockefelleruni:10.1085/jgp.10.5.703 2024-06-02T08:05:13+00:00 THE ACTIVATION OF STARFISH EGGS BY ACIDS Lillie, Ralph S. 1927 http://dx.doi.org/10.1085/jgp.10.5.703 http://rupress.org/jgp/article-pdf/10/5/703/1215340/703.pdf en eng Rockefeller University Press Journal of General Physiology volume 10, issue 5, page 703-723 ISSN 1540-7748 0022-1295 journal-article 1927 crrockefelleruni https://doi.org/10.1085/jgp.10.5.703 2024-05-07T14:15:36Z 1. Comparison of the rates of activation of unfertilized starfish eggs in pure solutions of a variety of parthenogenetically effective organic acids (fatty acids, carbonic acid, benzoic and salicylic acids, chloro- and nitrobenzoic acids) shows that solutions which activate the eggs at the same rate, although widely different in molecular concentration, tend to be closely similar in CH. The dissociation constants of these acids range from 3.2 x 10–7 to 1.32 x 10–3. 2. In the case of each of the fourteen acids showing parthenogenetic action the rate of activation (within the favorable range of concentration) proved nearly proportional to the concentration of acid. The estimated CH of solutions exhibiting an optimum action with exposures of 10 minutes (at 20°) lay typically between 1.1 x 10–4 M and 2.1 x 10–4 M (pH = 3.7–3.96), and in most cases between 1.6 x 10–4 M and 2.1 x 10–4 M (pH = 3.7–3.8). Formic acid (CH = 4.2 x 10–4 M) and o-chlorobenzoic acid (CH = 3.5 x 10–4 M) are exceptions; o-nitrobenzoic acid is ineffective, apparently because of slow penetration. 3. Activation is not dependent on the penetration of H ions into the egg from without, as is shown by the effects following the addition of its Na salt to the solution of the activating acid (acetic, benzoic, salicylic). The rate of activation is increased by such addition, to a degree indicating that the parthenogenetically effective component of the external solution is the undissociated free acid. Apparently the undissociated molecules alone penetrate the egg freely. It is assumed that, having penetrated, they dissociate in the interior of the egg, furnishing there the H ions which effect activation. 4. Attention is drawn to certain parallels between the physiological conditions controlling activation in the starfish egg and in the vertebrate respiratory center. Article in Journal/Newspaper Carbonic acid Rockefeller University Press Journal of General Physiology 10 5 703 723 |
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1. Comparison of the rates of activation of unfertilized starfish eggs in pure solutions of a variety of parthenogenetically effective organic acids (fatty acids, carbonic acid, benzoic and salicylic acids, chloro- and nitrobenzoic acids) shows that solutions which activate the eggs at the same rate, although widely different in molecular concentration, tend to be closely similar in CH. The dissociation constants of these acids range from 3.2 x 10–7 to 1.32 x 10–3. 2. In the case of each of the fourteen acids showing parthenogenetic action the rate of activation (within the favorable range of concentration) proved nearly proportional to the concentration of acid. The estimated CH of solutions exhibiting an optimum action with exposures of 10 minutes (at 20°) lay typically between 1.1 x 10–4 M and 2.1 x 10–4 M (pH = 3.7–3.96), and in most cases between 1.6 x 10–4 M and 2.1 x 10–4 M (pH = 3.7–3.8). Formic acid (CH = 4.2 x 10–4 M) and o-chlorobenzoic acid (CH = 3.5 x 10–4 M) are exceptions; o-nitrobenzoic acid is ineffective, apparently because of slow penetration. 3. Activation is not dependent on the penetration of H ions into the egg from without, as is shown by the effects following the addition of its Na salt to the solution of the activating acid (acetic, benzoic, salicylic). The rate of activation is increased by such addition, to a degree indicating that the parthenogenetically effective component of the external solution is the undissociated free acid. Apparently the undissociated molecules alone penetrate the egg freely. It is assumed that, having penetrated, they dissociate in the interior of the egg, furnishing there the H ions which effect activation. 4. Attention is drawn to certain parallels between the physiological conditions controlling activation in the starfish egg and in the vertebrate respiratory center. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Lillie, Ralph S. |
spellingShingle |
Lillie, Ralph S. THE ACTIVATION OF STARFISH EGGS BY ACIDS |
author_facet |
Lillie, Ralph S. |
author_sort |
Lillie, Ralph S. |
title |
THE ACTIVATION OF STARFISH EGGS BY ACIDS |
title_short |
THE ACTIVATION OF STARFISH EGGS BY ACIDS |
title_full |
THE ACTIVATION OF STARFISH EGGS BY ACIDS |
title_fullStr |
THE ACTIVATION OF STARFISH EGGS BY ACIDS |
title_full_unstemmed |
THE ACTIVATION OF STARFISH EGGS BY ACIDS |
title_sort |
activation of starfish eggs by acids |
publisher |
Rockefeller University Press |
publishDate |
1927 |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1085/jgp.10.5.703 http://rupress.org/jgp/article-pdf/10/5/703/1215340/703.pdf |
genre |
Carbonic acid |
genre_facet |
Carbonic acid |
op_source |
Journal of General Physiology volume 10, issue 5, page 703-723 ISSN 1540-7748 0022-1295 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1085/jgp.10.5.703 |
container_title |
Journal of General Physiology |
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10 |
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5 |
container_start_page |
703 |
op_container_end_page |
723 |
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1800750012925214720 |