Azole-resistant Aspergillus fumigatus in the environment: Identifying key reservoirs and hotspots of antifungal resistance
Aspergillus fumigatus is an opportunistic human pathogen that causes aspergillosis, a spectrum of environmentally acquired respiratory illnesses. It has a cosmopolitan distribution and exists in the environment as a saprotroph on decaying plant matter. Azoles, which target Cyp51A in the ergosterol s...
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Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1009711 https://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1009711 |
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crplos:10.1371/journal.ppat.1009711 2024-09-30T14:26:33+00:00 Azole-resistant Aspergillus fumigatus in the environment: Identifying key reservoirs and hotspots of antifungal resistance Burks, Caroline Darby, Alexandria Gómez Londoño, Luisa Momany, Michelle Brewer, Marin T. Xue, Chaoyang National Institute of Food and Agriculture National Institute of Food and Agriculture 2021 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1009711 https://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1009711 en eng Public Library of Science (PLoS) http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ PLOS Pathogens volume 17, issue 7, page e1009711 ISSN 1553-7374 journal-article 2021 crplos https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1009711 2024-09-17T04:33:11Z Aspergillus fumigatus is an opportunistic human pathogen that causes aspergillosis, a spectrum of environmentally acquired respiratory illnesses. It has a cosmopolitan distribution and exists in the environment as a saprotroph on decaying plant matter. Azoles, which target Cyp51A in the ergosterol synthesis pathway, are the primary class of drugs used to treat aspergillosis. Azoles are also used to combat plant pathogenic fungi. Recently, an increasing number of azole-naive patients have presented with pan-azole–resistant strains of A . fumigatus . The TR 34 /L98H and TR 46 /Y121F/T289A alleles in the cyp51A gene are the most common ones conferring pan-azole resistance. There is evidence that these mutations arose in agricultural settings; therefore, numerous studies have been conducted to identify azole resistance in environmental A . fumigatus and to determine where resistance is developing in the environment. Here, we summarize the global occurrence of azole-resistant A . fumigatus in the environment based on available literature. Additionally, we have created an interactive world map showing where resistant isolates have been detected and include information on the specific alleles identified, environmental settings, and azole fungicide use. Azole-resistant A . fumigatus has been found on every continent, except for Antarctica, with the highest number of reports from Europe. Developed environments, specifically hospitals and gardens, were the most common settings where azole-resistant A . fumigatus was detected, followed by soils sampled from agricultural settings. The TR 34 /L98H resistance allele was the most common in all regions except South America where the TR 46 /Y121F/T289A allele was the most common. A major consideration in interpreting this survey of the literature is sampling bias; regions and environments that have been extensively sampled are more likely to show greater azole resistance even though resistance could be more prevalent in areas that are under-sampled or not sampled at all. ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Antarc* Antarctica PLOS PLOS Pathogens 17 7 e1009711 |
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English |
description |
Aspergillus fumigatus is an opportunistic human pathogen that causes aspergillosis, a spectrum of environmentally acquired respiratory illnesses. It has a cosmopolitan distribution and exists in the environment as a saprotroph on decaying plant matter. Azoles, which target Cyp51A in the ergosterol synthesis pathway, are the primary class of drugs used to treat aspergillosis. Azoles are also used to combat plant pathogenic fungi. Recently, an increasing number of azole-naive patients have presented with pan-azole–resistant strains of A . fumigatus . The TR 34 /L98H and TR 46 /Y121F/T289A alleles in the cyp51A gene are the most common ones conferring pan-azole resistance. There is evidence that these mutations arose in agricultural settings; therefore, numerous studies have been conducted to identify azole resistance in environmental A . fumigatus and to determine where resistance is developing in the environment. Here, we summarize the global occurrence of azole-resistant A . fumigatus in the environment based on available literature. Additionally, we have created an interactive world map showing where resistant isolates have been detected and include information on the specific alleles identified, environmental settings, and azole fungicide use. Azole-resistant A . fumigatus has been found on every continent, except for Antarctica, with the highest number of reports from Europe. Developed environments, specifically hospitals and gardens, were the most common settings where azole-resistant A . fumigatus was detected, followed by soils sampled from agricultural settings. The TR 34 /L98H resistance allele was the most common in all regions except South America where the TR 46 /Y121F/T289A allele was the most common. A major consideration in interpreting this survey of the literature is sampling bias; regions and environments that have been extensively sampled are more likely to show greater azole resistance even though resistance could be more prevalent in areas that are under-sampled or not sampled at all. ... |
author2 |
Xue, Chaoyang National Institute of Food and Agriculture National Institute of Food and Agriculture |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Burks, Caroline Darby, Alexandria Gómez Londoño, Luisa Momany, Michelle Brewer, Marin T. |
spellingShingle |
Burks, Caroline Darby, Alexandria Gómez Londoño, Luisa Momany, Michelle Brewer, Marin T. Azole-resistant Aspergillus fumigatus in the environment: Identifying key reservoirs and hotspots of antifungal resistance |
author_facet |
Burks, Caroline Darby, Alexandria Gómez Londoño, Luisa Momany, Michelle Brewer, Marin T. |
author_sort |
Burks, Caroline |
title |
Azole-resistant Aspergillus fumigatus in the environment: Identifying key reservoirs and hotspots of antifungal resistance |
title_short |
Azole-resistant Aspergillus fumigatus in the environment: Identifying key reservoirs and hotspots of antifungal resistance |
title_full |
Azole-resistant Aspergillus fumigatus in the environment: Identifying key reservoirs and hotspots of antifungal resistance |
title_fullStr |
Azole-resistant Aspergillus fumigatus in the environment: Identifying key reservoirs and hotspots of antifungal resistance |
title_full_unstemmed |
Azole-resistant Aspergillus fumigatus in the environment: Identifying key reservoirs and hotspots of antifungal resistance |
title_sort |
azole-resistant aspergillus fumigatus in the environment: identifying key reservoirs and hotspots of antifungal resistance |
publisher |
Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
publishDate |
2021 |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1009711 https://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1009711 |
genre |
Antarc* Antarctica |
genre_facet |
Antarc* Antarctica |
op_source |
PLOS Pathogens volume 17, issue 7, page e1009711 ISSN 1553-7374 |
op_rights |
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1009711 |
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PLOS Pathogens |
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17 |
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7 |
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e1009711 |
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1811646842530693120 |