Killer whale respiration rates
Measuring breathing rates is a means by which oxygen intake and metabolic rates can be estimated to determine food requirements and energy expenditure of killer whales ( Orcinus orca ) and other cetaceans. This relatively simple measure also allows the energetic consequences of environmental stresso...
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Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0302758 https://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0302758 |
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crplos:10.1371/journal.pone.0302758 2024-06-23T07:54:22+00:00 Killer whale respiration rates McRae, Tess M. Volpov, Beth L. Sidrow, Evan Fortune, Sarah M. E. Auger-Méthé, Marie Heckman, Nancy Trites, Andrew W. Raverty, Stephen Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada Fisheries and Oceans Canada Canada Research Chairs British Columbia Knowledge Development Fund Canada Foundation for Innovation Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada University of British Columbia, Doctoral Fellowship program 2024 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0302758 https://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0302758 en eng Public Library of Science (PLoS) http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ PLOS ONE volume 19, issue 5, page e0302758 ISSN 1932-6203 journal-article 2024 crplos https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0302758 2024-06-11T04:27:34Z Measuring breathing rates is a means by which oxygen intake and metabolic rates can be estimated to determine food requirements and energy expenditure of killer whales ( Orcinus orca ) and other cetaceans. This relatively simple measure also allows the energetic consequences of environmental stressors to cetaceans to be understood but requires knowing respiration rates while they are engaged in different behaviours such as resting, travelling and foraging. We calculated respiration rates for different behavioural states of southern and northern resident killer whales using video from UAV drones and concurrent biologging data from animal-borne tags. Behavioural states of dive tracks were predicted using hierarchical hidden Markov models (HHMM) parameterized with time-depth data and with labeled tracks of drone-identified behavioural states (from drone footage that overlapped with the time-depth data). Dive tracks were sequences of dives and surface intervals lasting ≥ 10 minutes cumulative duration. We calculated respiration rates and estimated oxygen consumption rates for the predicted behavioural states of the tracks. We found that juvenile killer whales breathed at a higher rate when travelling (1.6 breaths min -1 ) compared to resting (1.2) and foraging (1.5)—and that adult males breathed at a higher rate when travelling (1.8) compared to both foraging (1.7) and resting (1.3). The juveniles in our study were estimated to consume 2.5–18.3 L O 2 min -1 compared with 14.3–59.8 L O 2 min -1 for adult males across all behaviours based on estimates of mass-specific tidal volume and oxygen extraction. Our findings confirm that killer whales take single breaths between dives and indicate that energy expenditure derived from respirations requires using sex, age, and behavioural-specific respiration rates. These findings can be applied to bioenergetics models on a behavioural-specific basis, and contribute towards obtaining better predictions of dive behaviours, energy expenditure and the food requirements of apex ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Killer Whale Orca Orcinus orca Killer whale PLOS PLOS ONE 19 5 e0302758 |
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Open Polar |
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crplos |
language |
English |
description |
Measuring breathing rates is a means by which oxygen intake and metabolic rates can be estimated to determine food requirements and energy expenditure of killer whales ( Orcinus orca ) and other cetaceans. This relatively simple measure also allows the energetic consequences of environmental stressors to cetaceans to be understood but requires knowing respiration rates while they are engaged in different behaviours such as resting, travelling and foraging. We calculated respiration rates for different behavioural states of southern and northern resident killer whales using video from UAV drones and concurrent biologging data from animal-borne tags. Behavioural states of dive tracks were predicted using hierarchical hidden Markov models (HHMM) parameterized with time-depth data and with labeled tracks of drone-identified behavioural states (from drone footage that overlapped with the time-depth data). Dive tracks were sequences of dives and surface intervals lasting ≥ 10 minutes cumulative duration. We calculated respiration rates and estimated oxygen consumption rates for the predicted behavioural states of the tracks. We found that juvenile killer whales breathed at a higher rate when travelling (1.6 breaths min -1 ) compared to resting (1.2) and foraging (1.5)—and that adult males breathed at a higher rate when travelling (1.8) compared to both foraging (1.7) and resting (1.3). The juveniles in our study were estimated to consume 2.5–18.3 L O 2 min -1 compared with 14.3–59.8 L O 2 min -1 for adult males across all behaviours based on estimates of mass-specific tidal volume and oxygen extraction. Our findings confirm that killer whales take single breaths between dives and indicate that energy expenditure derived from respirations requires using sex, age, and behavioural-specific respiration rates. These findings can be applied to bioenergetics models on a behavioural-specific basis, and contribute towards obtaining better predictions of dive behaviours, energy expenditure and the food requirements of apex ... |
author2 |
Raverty, Stephen Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada Fisheries and Oceans Canada Canada Research Chairs British Columbia Knowledge Development Fund Canada Foundation for Innovation Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada University of British Columbia, Doctoral Fellowship program |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
McRae, Tess M. Volpov, Beth L. Sidrow, Evan Fortune, Sarah M. E. Auger-Méthé, Marie Heckman, Nancy Trites, Andrew W. |
spellingShingle |
McRae, Tess M. Volpov, Beth L. Sidrow, Evan Fortune, Sarah M. E. Auger-Méthé, Marie Heckman, Nancy Trites, Andrew W. Killer whale respiration rates |
author_facet |
McRae, Tess M. Volpov, Beth L. Sidrow, Evan Fortune, Sarah M. E. Auger-Méthé, Marie Heckman, Nancy Trites, Andrew W. |
author_sort |
McRae, Tess M. |
title |
Killer whale respiration rates |
title_short |
Killer whale respiration rates |
title_full |
Killer whale respiration rates |
title_fullStr |
Killer whale respiration rates |
title_full_unstemmed |
Killer whale respiration rates |
title_sort |
killer whale respiration rates |
publisher |
Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
publishDate |
2024 |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0302758 https://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0302758 |
genre |
Killer Whale Orca Orcinus orca Killer whale |
genre_facet |
Killer Whale Orca Orcinus orca Killer whale |
op_source |
PLOS ONE volume 19, issue 5, page e0302758 ISSN 1932-6203 |
op_rights |
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0302758 |
container_title |
PLOS ONE |
container_volume |
19 |
container_issue |
5 |
container_start_page |
e0302758 |
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1802646513373937664 |