Ocean acidification boosts reproduction in fish via indirect effects
Ocean acidification affects species populations and biodiversity through direct negative effects on physiology and behaviour. The indirect effects of elevated CO 2 are less well known and can sometimes be counterintuitive. Reproduction lies at the crux of species population replenishment, but we do...
Published in: | PLOS Biology |
---|---|
Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
Other Authors: | , , |
Format: | Article in Journal/Newspaper |
Language: | English |
Published: |
Public Library of Science (PLoS)
2021
|
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3001033 https://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3001033 |
id |
crplos:10.1371/journal.pbio.3001033 |
---|---|
record_format |
openpolar |
spelling |
crplos:10.1371/journal.pbio.3001033 2024-05-19T07:46:29+00:00 Ocean acidification boosts reproduction in fish via indirect effects Nagelkerken, Ivan Alemany, Tiphaine Anquetin, Julie M. Ferreira, Camilo M. Ludwig, Kim E. Sasaki, Minami Connell, Sean D. Buckley, Yvonne Australian Research Council Australian Research Council Environment Institute Australian Research Council 2021 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3001033 https://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3001033 en eng Public Library of Science (PLoS) http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ PLOS Biology volume 19, issue 1, page e3001033 ISSN 1545-7885 journal-article 2021 crplos https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3001033 2024-05-01T07:05:57Z Ocean acidification affects species populations and biodiversity through direct negative effects on physiology and behaviour. The indirect effects of elevated CO 2 are less well known and can sometimes be counterintuitive. Reproduction lies at the crux of species population replenishment, but we do not know how ocean acidification affects reproduction in the wild. Here, we use natural CO 2 vents at a temperate rocky reef and show that even though ocean acidification acts as a direct stressor, it can indirectly increase energy budgets of fish to stimulate reproduction at no cost to physiological homeostasis. Female fish maintained energy levels by compensation: They reduced activity (foraging and aggression) to increase reproduction. In male fish, increased reproductive investment was linked to increased energy intake as mediated by intensified foraging on more abundant prey. Greater biomass of prey at the vents was linked to greater biomass of algae, as mediated by a fertilisation effect of elevated CO 2 on primary production. Additionally, the abundance and aggression of paternal carers were elevated at the CO 2 vents, which may further boost reproductive success. These positive indirect effects of elevated CO 2 were only observed for the species of fish that was generalistic and competitively dominant, but not for 3 species of subordinate and more specialised fishes. Hence, species that capitalise on future resource enrichment can accelerate their reproduction and increase their populations, thereby altering species communities in a future ocean. Article in Journal/Newspaper Ocean acidification PLOS PLOS Biology 19 1 e3001033 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
PLOS |
op_collection_id |
crplos |
language |
English |
description |
Ocean acidification affects species populations and biodiversity through direct negative effects on physiology and behaviour. The indirect effects of elevated CO 2 are less well known and can sometimes be counterintuitive. Reproduction lies at the crux of species population replenishment, but we do not know how ocean acidification affects reproduction in the wild. Here, we use natural CO 2 vents at a temperate rocky reef and show that even though ocean acidification acts as a direct stressor, it can indirectly increase energy budgets of fish to stimulate reproduction at no cost to physiological homeostasis. Female fish maintained energy levels by compensation: They reduced activity (foraging and aggression) to increase reproduction. In male fish, increased reproductive investment was linked to increased energy intake as mediated by intensified foraging on more abundant prey. Greater biomass of prey at the vents was linked to greater biomass of algae, as mediated by a fertilisation effect of elevated CO 2 on primary production. Additionally, the abundance and aggression of paternal carers were elevated at the CO 2 vents, which may further boost reproductive success. These positive indirect effects of elevated CO 2 were only observed for the species of fish that was generalistic and competitively dominant, but not for 3 species of subordinate and more specialised fishes. Hence, species that capitalise on future resource enrichment can accelerate their reproduction and increase their populations, thereby altering species communities in a future ocean. |
author2 |
Buckley, Yvonne Australian Research Council Australian Research Council Environment Institute Australian Research Council |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Nagelkerken, Ivan Alemany, Tiphaine Anquetin, Julie M. Ferreira, Camilo M. Ludwig, Kim E. Sasaki, Minami Connell, Sean D. |
spellingShingle |
Nagelkerken, Ivan Alemany, Tiphaine Anquetin, Julie M. Ferreira, Camilo M. Ludwig, Kim E. Sasaki, Minami Connell, Sean D. Ocean acidification boosts reproduction in fish via indirect effects |
author_facet |
Nagelkerken, Ivan Alemany, Tiphaine Anquetin, Julie M. Ferreira, Camilo M. Ludwig, Kim E. Sasaki, Minami Connell, Sean D. |
author_sort |
Nagelkerken, Ivan |
title |
Ocean acidification boosts reproduction in fish via indirect effects |
title_short |
Ocean acidification boosts reproduction in fish via indirect effects |
title_full |
Ocean acidification boosts reproduction in fish via indirect effects |
title_fullStr |
Ocean acidification boosts reproduction in fish via indirect effects |
title_full_unstemmed |
Ocean acidification boosts reproduction in fish via indirect effects |
title_sort |
ocean acidification boosts reproduction in fish via indirect effects |
publisher |
Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
publishDate |
2021 |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3001033 https://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3001033 |
genre |
Ocean acidification |
genre_facet |
Ocean acidification |
op_source |
PLOS Biology volume 19, issue 1, page e3001033 ISSN 1545-7885 |
op_rights |
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3001033 |
container_title |
PLOS Biology |
container_volume |
19 |
container_issue |
1 |
container_start_page |
e3001033 |
_version_ |
1799486680014520320 |