Bigfin reef squid demonstrate capacity for conditional discrimination and projected future carbon dioxide levels have no effect on learning capabilities
Anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) emissions are being absorbed by the oceans, a process known as ocean acidification, and risks adversely affecting a variety of behaviours in a range of marine species, including inhibited learning in some fishes. However, the effects of elevated CO 2 on learning...
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crpeerj:10.7717/peerj.9865 2024-06-02T08:12:34+00:00 Bigfin reef squid demonstrate capacity for conditional discrimination and projected future carbon dioxide levels have no effect on learning capabilities Spady, Blake L. Watson, Sue-Ann ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, Australia PADI Foundation, USA 2020 http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.9865 https://peerj.com/articles/9865.pdf https://peerj.com/articles/9865.xml https://peerj.com/articles/9865.html en eng PeerJ https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ PeerJ volume 8, page e9865 ISSN 2167-8359 journal-article 2020 crpeerj https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.9865 2024-05-07T14:13:51Z Anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) emissions are being absorbed by the oceans, a process known as ocean acidification, and risks adversely affecting a variety of behaviours in a range of marine species, including inhibited learning in some fishes. However, the effects of elevated CO 2 on learning in advanced invertebrates such as cephalopods are unknown. Any impacts to the learning abilities of cephalopods could have far-reaching consequences for their populations and the communities they inhabit. Cephalopods have some of the most advanced cognitive abilities among invertebrates and are one of the few invertebrate taxa in which conditional discrimination has been demonstrated, though the trait has not been demonstrated in any species of squid. Here, we tested for the first time the capacity for conditional discrimination in a squid species ( Sepioteuthis lessoniana ). Furthermore, we investigated the effects of projected future CO 2 levels (1,084 µatm) on conditional discrimination and learning more generally. A three-task experiment within a two-choice arena was used to test learning and conditional discrimination. Learning was measured by improvements in task completion in repeated trials over time and the number of trials required to pass each task. Squid exhibited significant learning capabilities, with an increase in correct choices over successive trials and a decrease in the number of trials needed to complete the successive tasks. Six of the 12 squid tested successfully passed all three tasks indicating a capacity for conditional discrimination in the species. Elevated CO 2 had no effect on learning or on the capacity for conditional discrimination in squid. This study highlights the remarkable cognitive abilities of S. lessoniana , demonstrated by their capacity for conditional discrimination, and suggests that ocean acidification will not compromise learning abilities. However, other behavioural traits in the species have been shown to be altered at comparable elevated CO 2 conditions. It is not ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Ocean acidification PeerJ Publishing PeerJ 8 e9865 |
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Anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) emissions are being absorbed by the oceans, a process known as ocean acidification, and risks adversely affecting a variety of behaviours in a range of marine species, including inhibited learning in some fishes. However, the effects of elevated CO 2 on learning in advanced invertebrates such as cephalopods are unknown. Any impacts to the learning abilities of cephalopods could have far-reaching consequences for their populations and the communities they inhabit. Cephalopods have some of the most advanced cognitive abilities among invertebrates and are one of the few invertebrate taxa in which conditional discrimination has been demonstrated, though the trait has not been demonstrated in any species of squid. Here, we tested for the first time the capacity for conditional discrimination in a squid species ( Sepioteuthis lessoniana ). Furthermore, we investigated the effects of projected future CO 2 levels (1,084 µatm) on conditional discrimination and learning more generally. A three-task experiment within a two-choice arena was used to test learning and conditional discrimination. Learning was measured by improvements in task completion in repeated trials over time and the number of trials required to pass each task. Squid exhibited significant learning capabilities, with an increase in correct choices over successive trials and a decrease in the number of trials needed to complete the successive tasks. Six of the 12 squid tested successfully passed all three tasks indicating a capacity for conditional discrimination in the species. Elevated CO 2 had no effect on learning or on the capacity for conditional discrimination in squid. This study highlights the remarkable cognitive abilities of S. lessoniana , demonstrated by their capacity for conditional discrimination, and suggests that ocean acidification will not compromise learning abilities. However, other behavioural traits in the species have been shown to be altered at comparable elevated CO 2 conditions. It is not ... |
author2 |
ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, Australia PADI Foundation, USA |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Spady, Blake L. Watson, Sue-Ann |
spellingShingle |
Spady, Blake L. Watson, Sue-Ann Bigfin reef squid demonstrate capacity for conditional discrimination and projected future carbon dioxide levels have no effect on learning capabilities |
author_facet |
Spady, Blake L. Watson, Sue-Ann |
author_sort |
Spady, Blake L. |
title |
Bigfin reef squid demonstrate capacity for conditional discrimination and projected future carbon dioxide levels have no effect on learning capabilities |
title_short |
Bigfin reef squid demonstrate capacity for conditional discrimination and projected future carbon dioxide levels have no effect on learning capabilities |
title_full |
Bigfin reef squid demonstrate capacity for conditional discrimination and projected future carbon dioxide levels have no effect on learning capabilities |
title_fullStr |
Bigfin reef squid demonstrate capacity for conditional discrimination and projected future carbon dioxide levels have no effect on learning capabilities |
title_full_unstemmed |
Bigfin reef squid demonstrate capacity for conditional discrimination and projected future carbon dioxide levels have no effect on learning capabilities |
title_sort |
bigfin reef squid demonstrate capacity for conditional discrimination and projected future carbon dioxide levels have no effect on learning capabilities |
publisher |
PeerJ |
publishDate |
2020 |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.9865 https://peerj.com/articles/9865.pdf https://peerj.com/articles/9865.xml https://peerj.com/articles/9865.html |
genre |
Ocean acidification |
genre_facet |
Ocean acidification |
op_source |
PeerJ volume 8, page e9865 ISSN 2167-8359 |
op_rights |
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.9865 |
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8 |
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e9865 |
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1800759034851098624 |