Airborne microbial biodiversity and seasonality in Northern and Southern Sweden
Microorganisms are essential constituents of ecosystems. To improve our understanding of how various factors shape microbial diversity and composition in nature it is important to study how microorganisms vary in space and time. Factors shaping microbial communities in ground level air have been sur...
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crpeerj:10.7717/peerj.8424 2024-09-15T18:16:49+00:00 Airborne microbial biodiversity and seasonality in Northern and Southern Sweden Karlsson, Edvin Johansson, Anna-Mia Ahlinder, Jon Lundkvist, Moa J. Singh, Navinder J. Brodin, Tomas Forsman, Mats Stenberg, Per Swedish Research Council Formas The Kempe Foundation The Lars Hierta Memorial Foundation the Industrial Doctoral School at Umeå University Swedish Defense Research Agency Swedish Radiation Safety Authority 2020 http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.8424 https://peerj.com/articles/8424.pdf https://peerj.com/articles/8424.xml https://peerj.com/articles/8424.html en eng PeerJ https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ PeerJ volume 8, page e8424 ISSN 2167-8359 journal-article 2020 crpeerj https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.8424 2024-08-20T04:10:21Z Microorganisms are essential constituents of ecosystems. To improve our understanding of how various factors shape microbial diversity and composition in nature it is important to study how microorganisms vary in space and time. Factors shaping microbial communities in ground level air have been surveyed in a limited number of studies, indicating that geographic location, season and local climate influence the microbial communities. However, few have surveyed more than one location, at high latitude or continuously over more than a year. We surveyed the airborne microbial communities over two full consecutive years in Kiruna, in the Arctic boreal zone, and Ljungbyhed, in the Southern nemoral zone of Sweden, by using a unique collection of archived air filters. We mapped both geographic and seasonal differences in bacterial and fungal communities and evaluated environmental factors that may contribute to these differences and found that location, season and weather influence the airborne communities. Location had stronger influence on the bacterial community composition compared to season, while location and season had equal influence on the fungal community composition. However, the airborne bacterial and fungal diversity showed overall the same trend over the seasons, regardless of location, with a peak during the warmer parts of the year, except for the fungal seasonal trend in Ljungbyhed, which fluctuated more within season. Interestingly, the diversity and evenness of the airborne communities were generally lower in Ljungbyhed. In addition, both bacterial and fungal communities varied significantly within and between locations, where orders like Rhizobiales, Rhodospirillales and Agaricales dominated in Kiruna, whereas Bacillales, Clostridiales and Sordariales dominated in Ljungbyhed. These differences are a likely reflection of the landscape surrounding the sampling sites where the landscape in Ljungbyhed is more homogenous and predominantly characterized by artificial and agricultural surroundings. Our ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Kiruna PeerJ Publishing PeerJ 8 e8424 |
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PeerJ Publishing |
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English |
description |
Microorganisms are essential constituents of ecosystems. To improve our understanding of how various factors shape microbial diversity and composition in nature it is important to study how microorganisms vary in space and time. Factors shaping microbial communities in ground level air have been surveyed in a limited number of studies, indicating that geographic location, season and local climate influence the microbial communities. However, few have surveyed more than one location, at high latitude or continuously over more than a year. We surveyed the airborne microbial communities over two full consecutive years in Kiruna, in the Arctic boreal zone, and Ljungbyhed, in the Southern nemoral zone of Sweden, by using a unique collection of archived air filters. We mapped both geographic and seasonal differences in bacterial and fungal communities and evaluated environmental factors that may contribute to these differences and found that location, season and weather influence the airborne communities. Location had stronger influence on the bacterial community composition compared to season, while location and season had equal influence on the fungal community composition. However, the airborne bacterial and fungal diversity showed overall the same trend over the seasons, regardless of location, with a peak during the warmer parts of the year, except for the fungal seasonal trend in Ljungbyhed, which fluctuated more within season. Interestingly, the diversity and evenness of the airborne communities were generally lower in Ljungbyhed. In addition, both bacterial and fungal communities varied significantly within and between locations, where orders like Rhizobiales, Rhodospirillales and Agaricales dominated in Kiruna, whereas Bacillales, Clostridiales and Sordariales dominated in Ljungbyhed. These differences are a likely reflection of the landscape surrounding the sampling sites where the landscape in Ljungbyhed is more homogenous and predominantly characterized by artificial and agricultural surroundings. Our ... |
author2 |
Swedish Research Council Formas The Kempe Foundation The Lars Hierta Memorial Foundation the Industrial Doctoral School at Umeå University Swedish Defense Research Agency Swedish Radiation Safety Authority |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Karlsson, Edvin Johansson, Anna-Mia Ahlinder, Jon Lundkvist, Moa J. Singh, Navinder J. Brodin, Tomas Forsman, Mats Stenberg, Per |
spellingShingle |
Karlsson, Edvin Johansson, Anna-Mia Ahlinder, Jon Lundkvist, Moa J. Singh, Navinder J. Brodin, Tomas Forsman, Mats Stenberg, Per Airborne microbial biodiversity and seasonality in Northern and Southern Sweden |
author_facet |
Karlsson, Edvin Johansson, Anna-Mia Ahlinder, Jon Lundkvist, Moa J. Singh, Navinder J. Brodin, Tomas Forsman, Mats Stenberg, Per |
author_sort |
Karlsson, Edvin |
title |
Airborne microbial biodiversity and seasonality in Northern and Southern Sweden |
title_short |
Airborne microbial biodiversity and seasonality in Northern and Southern Sweden |
title_full |
Airborne microbial biodiversity and seasonality in Northern and Southern Sweden |
title_fullStr |
Airborne microbial biodiversity and seasonality in Northern and Southern Sweden |
title_full_unstemmed |
Airborne microbial biodiversity and seasonality in Northern and Southern Sweden |
title_sort |
airborne microbial biodiversity and seasonality in northern and southern sweden |
publisher |
PeerJ |
publishDate |
2020 |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.8424 https://peerj.com/articles/8424.pdf https://peerj.com/articles/8424.xml https://peerj.com/articles/8424.html |
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Kiruna |
genre_facet |
Kiruna |
op_source |
PeerJ volume 8, page e8424 ISSN 2167-8359 |
op_rights |
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.8424 |
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PeerJ |
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8 |
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e8424 |
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1810454827886444544 |