Light wavelength and pulsing frequency affect avoidance responses of Canada geese
Collisions between birds and aircraft cause bird mortality, economic damage, and aviation safety hazards. One proposed solution to increasing the distance at which birds detect and move away from an approaching aircraft, ultimately mitigating the probability of collision, is through onboard lighting...
Published in: | PeerJ |
---|---|
Main Authors: | , , , , |
Format: | Article in Journal/Newspaper |
Language: | English |
Published: |
PeerJ
2023
|
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.16379 https://peerj.com/articles/16379.pdf https://peerj.com/articles/16379.xml https://peerj.com/articles/16379.html |
id |
crpeerj:10.7717/peerj.16379 |
---|---|
record_format |
openpolar |
spelling |
crpeerj:10.7717/peerj.16379 2024-06-02T08:04:35+00:00 Light wavelength and pulsing frequency affect avoidance responses of Canada geese Lunn, Ryan Baumhardt, Patrice E. Blackwell, Bradley F. Freyssinier, Jean Paul Fernández-Juricic, Esteban 2023 http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.16379 https://peerj.com/articles/16379.pdf https://peerj.com/articles/16379.xml https://peerj.com/articles/16379.html en eng PeerJ https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ PeerJ volume 11, page e16379 ISSN 2167-8359 journal-article 2023 crpeerj https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.16379 2024-05-07T14:14:03Z Collisions between birds and aircraft cause bird mortality, economic damage, and aviation safety hazards. One proposed solution to increasing the distance at which birds detect and move away from an approaching aircraft, ultimately mitigating the probability of collision, is through onboard lighting systems. Lights in vehicles have been shown to lead to earlier reactions in some bird species but they could also generate attraction, potentially increasing the probability of collision. Using information on the visual system of the Canada goose ( Branta canadensis ), we developed light stimuli of high chromatic contrast to their eyes. We then conducted a controlled behavioral experiment ( i.e. , single-choice test) to assess the avoidance or attraction responses of Canada geese to LED lights of different wavelengths (blue, 483 nm; red, 631 nm) and pulsing frequencies (steady, pulsing at 2 Hz). Overall, Canada geese tended to avoid the blue light and move towards the red light; however, these responses depended heavily on light exposure order. At the beginning of the experiment, geese tended to avoid the red light. After further exposure the birds developed an attraction to the red light, consistent with the mere exposure effect. The response to the blue light generally followed a U-shape relationship (avoidance, attraction, avoidance) with increasing number of exposures, again consistent with the mere exposure effect, but followed by the satiation effect. Lights pulsing at 2 Hz enhanced avoidance responses under high ambient light conditions; whereas steady lights enhanced avoidance responses under dim ambient light conditions. Our results have implications for the design of lighting systems aimed at mitigating collisions between birds and human objects. LED lights in the blue portion of the spectrum are good candidates for deterrents and lights in the red portion of the spectrum may be counterproductive given the attraction effects with increasing exposure. Additionally, consideration should be given to systems ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Branta canadensis Canada Goose PeerJ Publishing Canada PeerJ 11 e16379 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
PeerJ Publishing |
op_collection_id |
crpeerj |
language |
English |
description |
Collisions between birds and aircraft cause bird mortality, economic damage, and aviation safety hazards. One proposed solution to increasing the distance at which birds detect and move away from an approaching aircraft, ultimately mitigating the probability of collision, is through onboard lighting systems. Lights in vehicles have been shown to lead to earlier reactions in some bird species but they could also generate attraction, potentially increasing the probability of collision. Using information on the visual system of the Canada goose ( Branta canadensis ), we developed light stimuli of high chromatic contrast to their eyes. We then conducted a controlled behavioral experiment ( i.e. , single-choice test) to assess the avoidance or attraction responses of Canada geese to LED lights of different wavelengths (blue, 483 nm; red, 631 nm) and pulsing frequencies (steady, pulsing at 2 Hz). Overall, Canada geese tended to avoid the blue light and move towards the red light; however, these responses depended heavily on light exposure order. At the beginning of the experiment, geese tended to avoid the red light. After further exposure the birds developed an attraction to the red light, consistent with the mere exposure effect. The response to the blue light generally followed a U-shape relationship (avoidance, attraction, avoidance) with increasing number of exposures, again consistent with the mere exposure effect, but followed by the satiation effect. Lights pulsing at 2 Hz enhanced avoidance responses under high ambient light conditions; whereas steady lights enhanced avoidance responses under dim ambient light conditions. Our results have implications for the design of lighting systems aimed at mitigating collisions between birds and human objects. LED lights in the blue portion of the spectrum are good candidates for deterrents and lights in the red portion of the spectrum may be counterproductive given the attraction effects with increasing exposure. Additionally, consideration should be given to systems ... |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Lunn, Ryan Baumhardt, Patrice E. Blackwell, Bradley F. Freyssinier, Jean Paul Fernández-Juricic, Esteban |
spellingShingle |
Lunn, Ryan Baumhardt, Patrice E. Blackwell, Bradley F. Freyssinier, Jean Paul Fernández-Juricic, Esteban Light wavelength and pulsing frequency affect avoidance responses of Canada geese |
author_facet |
Lunn, Ryan Baumhardt, Patrice E. Blackwell, Bradley F. Freyssinier, Jean Paul Fernández-Juricic, Esteban |
author_sort |
Lunn, Ryan |
title |
Light wavelength and pulsing frequency affect avoidance responses of Canada geese |
title_short |
Light wavelength and pulsing frequency affect avoidance responses of Canada geese |
title_full |
Light wavelength and pulsing frequency affect avoidance responses of Canada geese |
title_fullStr |
Light wavelength and pulsing frequency affect avoidance responses of Canada geese |
title_full_unstemmed |
Light wavelength and pulsing frequency affect avoidance responses of Canada geese |
title_sort |
light wavelength and pulsing frequency affect avoidance responses of canada geese |
publisher |
PeerJ |
publishDate |
2023 |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.16379 https://peerj.com/articles/16379.pdf https://peerj.com/articles/16379.xml https://peerj.com/articles/16379.html |
geographic |
Canada |
geographic_facet |
Canada |
genre |
Branta canadensis Canada Goose |
genre_facet |
Branta canadensis Canada Goose |
op_source |
PeerJ volume 11, page e16379 ISSN 2167-8359 |
op_rights |
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.16379 |
container_title |
PeerJ |
container_volume |
11 |
container_start_page |
e16379 |
_version_ |
1800749224046886912 |