Spring diet and energy intake of tundra swan ( Cygnus columbianus) at the Yellow River National Wetland in Baotou, China
The Yellow River National Wetland in Baotou, China is an important resting and energy replenishment place for many migratory birds, such as tundra swan ( Cygnus columbianus ). The energy supply of food available at stopover sites plays an important role in the life cycle of migratory birds. In order...
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crpeerj:10.7717/peerj.13113 2024-06-02T08:05:40+00:00 Spring diet and energy intake of tundra swan ( Cygnus columbianus) at the Yellow River National Wetland in Baotou, China Liu, Li Du, Chao Sun, Yan Li, Wenjing Zhang, Jiyun Cao, Litong Gao, Li National Natural Science Foundation of China Inner Mongolia Natural Science Foundation Baotou Teachers’ College Baotou Teachers’College 2022 http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.13113 https://peerj.com/articles/13113.pdf https://peerj.com/articles/13113.xml https://peerj.com/articles/13113.html en eng PeerJ https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ PeerJ volume 10, page e13113 ISSN 2167-8359 journal-article 2022 crpeerj https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.13113 2024-05-07T14:14:40Z The Yellow River National Wetland in Baotou, China is an important resting and energy replenishment place for many migratory birds, such as tundra swan ( Cygnus columbianus ). The energy supply of food available at stopover sites plays an important role in the life cycle of migratory birds. In order to understand diet composition and energy supply of tundra swans for further protection of them, in this study, fecal of tundra swans ( C. columbianus ) were collected and fecal microhistological analysis was conducted to analyze the feeding habits and the energy supply. Results showed that: (1) tundra swans ( C. columbianus ) mainly fed on twelve species of plants from five families, including corn ( Zea mays ), quinoa ( Chenopodium album ) and rice ( Oryza sativa ), this is related to local crops and abundant plants. (2) The energy provided by crops to tundra swans ( C. columbianus ) was significantly higher than other abundant plants in wetlands ( P < 0.05), corn and rice were the most consumed food, and other abundant wetland plants play complementary roles. (3) The daily energy intake of tundra swans ( C. columbianus ) was much higher than their daily energy consumption, the daily net energy intake of tundra swans ( C. columbianus ) was 855.51 ± 182.88 kJ (mean ± standard deviations). This suggested that the wetland provides energy for continue migrating to the tundra swan ( C. columbianus ). For further protection of tundra swans ( C. columbianus ) and other migratory birds, the Baotou Yellow River National Wetland environment and the surrounding farmland habitat should be protected. Article in Journal/Newspaper Cygnus columbianus Tundra Tundra Swan PeerJ Publishing PeerJ 10 e13113 |
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language |
English |
description |
The Yellow River National Wetland in Baotou, China is an important resting and energy replenishment place for many migratory birds, such as tundra swan ( Cygnus columbianus ). The energy supply of food available at stopover sites plays an important role in the life cycle of migratory birds. In order to understand diet composition and energy supply of tundra swans for further protection of them, in this study, fecal of tundra swans ( C. columbianus ) were collected and fecal microhistological analysis was conducted to analyze the feeding habits and the energy supply. Results showed that: (1) tundra swans ( C. columbianus ) mainly fed on twelve species of plants from five families, including corn ( Zea mays ), quinoa ( Chenopodium album ) and rice ( Oryza sativa ), this is related to local crops and abundant plants. (2) The energy provided by crops to tundra swans ( C. columbianus ) was significantly higher than other abundant plants in wetlands ( P < 0.05), corn and rice were the most consumed food, and other abundant wetland plants play complementary roles. (3) The daily energy intake of tundra swans ( C. columbianus ) was much higher than their daily energy consumption, the daily net energy intake of tundra swans ( C. columbianus ) was 855.51 ± 182.88 kJ (mean ± standard deviations). This suggested that the wetland provides energy for continue migrating to the tundra swan ( C. columbianus ). For further protection of tundra swans ( C. columbianus ) and other migratory birds, the Baotou Yellow River National Wetland environment and the surrounding farmland habitat should be protected. |
author2 |
National Natural Science Foundation of China Inner Mongolia Natural Science Foundation Baotou Teachers’ College Baotou Teachers’College |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Liu, Li Du, Chao Sun, Yan Li, Wenjing Zhang, Jiyun Cao, Litong Gao, Li |
spellingShingle |
Liu, Li Du, Chao Sun, Yan Li, Wenjing Zhang, Jiyun Cao, Litong Gao, Li Spring diet and energy intake of tundra swan ( Cygnus columbianus) at the Yellow River National Wetland in Baotou, China |
author_facet |
Liu, Li Du, Chao Sun, Yan Li, Wenjing Zhang, Jiyun Cao, Litong Gao, Li |
author_sort |
Liu, Li |
title |
Spring diet and energy intake of tundra swan ( Cygnus columbianus) at the Yellow River National Wetland in Baotou, China |
title_short |
Spring diet and energy intake of tundra swan ( Cygnus columbianus) at the Yellow River National Wetland in Baotou, China |
title_full |
Spring diet and energy intake of tundra swan ( Cygnus columbianus) at the Yellow River National Wetland in Baotou, China |
title_fullStr |
Spring diet and energy intake of tundra swan ( Cygnus columbianus) at the Yellow River National Wetland in Baotou, China |
title_full_unstemmed |
Spring diet and energy intake of tundra swan ( Cygnus columbianus) at the Yellow River National Wetland in Baotou, China |
title_sort |
spring diet and energy intake of tundra swan ( cygnus columbianus) at the yellow river national wetland in baotou, china |
publisher |
PeerJ |
publishDate |
2022 |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.13113 https://peerj.com/articles/13113.pdf https://peerj.com/articles/13113.xml https://peerj.com/articles/13113.html |
genre |
Cygnus columbianus Tundra Tundra Swan |
genre_facet |
Cygnus columbianus Tundra Tundra Swan |
op_source |
PeerJ volume 10, page e13113 ISSN 2167-8359 |
op_rights |
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.13113 |
container_title |
PeerJ |
container_volume |
10 |
container_start_page |
e13113 |
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1800750534844481536 |