ACPTgene is inactivated in mammalian lineages that lack enamel or teeth
Loss of tooth or enamel is widespread in multiple mammal lineages. Although several studies have been reported, the evolutionary mechanisms of tooth/enamel loss are still unclear. Most previous studies have found that some tooth-related genes have been inactivated in toothless and/or enamel-less mam...
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crpeerj:10.7717/peerj.10219 2024-06-23T07:51:35+00:00 ACPTgene is inactivated in mammalian lineages that lack enamel or teeth Mu, Yuan Huang, Xin Liu, Rui Gai, Yulin Liang, Na Yin, Daiqing Shan, Lei Xu, Shixia Yang, Guang NSFC Ministry of Science and Technology of China NSFC Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions 2021 http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.10219 https://peerj.com/articles/10219.pdf https://peerj.com/articles/10219.xml https://peerj.com/articles/10219.html en eng PeerJ https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ PeerJ volume 9, page e10219 ISSN 2167-8359 journal-article 2021 crpeerj https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.10219 2024-06-04T06:21:57Z Loss of tooth or enamel is widespread in multiple mammal lineages. Although several studies have been reported, the evolutionary mechanisms of tooth/enamel loss are still unclear. Most previous studies have found that some tooth-related genes have been inactivated in toothless and/or enamel-less mammals, such as ENAM , ODAM , C4orf26 , AMBN , AMTN , DSPP , etc. Here, we conducted evolutionary analyses on ACPT playing a key role in amelogenesis, to interrogate the mechanisms. We obtained the ACPT sequences from 116 species, including edentulous and enamel-less mammals. The results shows that variant ORF-disrupting mutations were detected in ACPT coding region among nine edentulous baleen whales and three enamel-less taxa (pygmy sperm whale, aardvark, nine-banded armadillo). Furtherly, selective pressure uncovered that the selective constraints have been relaxed among all toothless and enamel-less lineages. Moreover, our results support the hypothesis that mineralized teeth were lost or degenerated in the common ancestor of crown Mysticeti through two shared single-base sites deletion in exon 4 and 5 of ACPT among all living baleen whales. D N / d S values on transitional branches were used to estimate ACPT inactivation records. In the case of aardvark, inactivation of ACPT was estimated at ~23.60–28.32 Ma, which is earlier than oldest aardvark fossil record ( Orycteropus minutus , ~19 Ma), suggesting that ACPT inactivation may result in degeneration or loss of enamel. Conversely, the inactivation time of ACPT estimated in armadillo (~10.18–11.30 Ma) is later than oldest fossil record, suggesting that inactivation of ACPT may result from degeneration or loss of enamel in these mammals. Our findings suggested that different mechanisms of degeneration of tooth/enamel might exist among toothless and enamel-less lineages during evolution. Our study further considered that ACPT is a novel gene for studying tooth evolution. Article in Journal/Newspaper baleen whales Sperm whale PeerJ Publishing PeerJ 9 e10219 |
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PeerJ Publishing |
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English |
description |
Loss of tooth or enamel is widespread in multiple mammal lineages. Although several studies have been reported, the evolutionary mechanisms of tooth/enamel loss are still unclear. Most previous studies have found that some tooth-related genes have been inactivated in toothless and/or enamel-less mammals, such as ENAM , ODAM , C4orf26 , AMBN , AMTN , DSPP , etc. Here, we conducted evolutionary analyses on ACPT playing a key role in amelogenesis, to interrogate the mechanisms. We obtained the ACPT sequences from 116 species, including edentulous and enamel-less mammals. The results shows that variant ORF-disrupting mutations were detected in ACPT coding region among nine edentulous baleen whales and three enamel-less taxa (pygmy sperm whale, aardvark, nine-banded armadillo). Furtherly, selective pressure uncovered that the selective constraints have been relaxed among all toothless and enamel-less lineages. Moreover, our results support the hypothesis that mineralized teeth were lost or degenerated in the common ancestor of crown Mysticeti through two shared single-base sites deletion in exon 4 and 5 of ACPT among all living baleen whales. D N / d S values on transitional branches were used to estimate ACPT inactivation records. In the case of aardvark, inactivation of ACPT was estimated at ~23.60–28.32 Ma, which is earlier than oldest aardvark fossil record ( Orycteropus minutus , ~19 Ma), suggesting that ACPT inactivation may result in degeneration or loss of enamel. Conversely, the inactivation time of ACPT estimated in armadillo (~10.18–11.30 Ma) is later than oldest fossil record, suggesting that inactivation of ACPT may result from degeneration or loss of enamel in these mammals. Our findings suggested that different mechanisms of degeneration of tooth/enamel might exist among toothless and enamel-less lineages during evolution. Our study further considered that ACPT is a novel gene for studying tooth evolution. |
author2 |
NSFC Ministry of Science and Technology of China NSFC Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Mu, Yuan Huang, Xin Liu, Rui Gai, Yulin Liang, Na Yin, Daiqing Shan, Lei Xu, Shixia Yang, Guang |
spellingShingle |
Mu, Yuan Huang, Xin Liu, Rui Gai, Yulin Liang, Na Yin, Daiqing Shan, Lei Xu, Shixia Yang, Guang ACPTgene is inactivated in mammalian lineages that lack enamel or teeth |
author_facet |
Mu, Yuan Huang, Xin Liu, Rui Gai, Yulin Liang, Na Yin, Daiqing Shan, Lei Xu, Shixia Yang, Guang |
author_sort |
Mu, Yuan |
title |
ACPTgene is inactivated in mammalian lineages that lack enamel or teeth |
title_short |
ACPTgene is inactivated in mammalian lineages that lack enamel or teeth |
title_full |
ACPTgene is inactivated in mammalian lineages that lack enamel or teeth |
title_fullStr |
ACPTgene is inactivated in mammalian lineages that lack enamel or teeth |
title_full_unstemmed |
ACPTgene is inactivated in mammalian lineages that lack enamel or teeth |
title_sort |
acptgene is inactivated in mammalian lineages that lack enamel or teeth |
publisher |
PeerJ |
publishDate |
2021 |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.10219 https://peerj.com/articles/10219.pdf https://peerj.com/articles/10219.xml https://peerj.com/articles/10219.html |
genre |
baleen whales Sperm whale |
genre_facet |
baleen whales Sperm whale |
op_source |
PeerJ volume 9, page e10219 ISSN 2167-8359 |
op_rights |
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.10219 |
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PeerJ |
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9 |
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e10219 |
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1802642694147670016 |