Dwarfing in island elephants and deer: processes in relation to time of isolation
Abstract Dwarfed populations of large mammal species evolved on many islands in the Pleistocene. Recent discoveries and advances in dating allow us to take the first steps in observing the time scale of dwarfing and the stages by which size reduction and associated morphological changes occurred. Dw...
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1996
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croxfordunivpr:10.1093/oso/9780198577874.003.0015 2024-09-15T18:40:47+00:00 Dwarfing in island elephants and deer: processes in relation to time of isolation Lister, A M 1996 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198577874.003.0015 https://academic.oup.com/book/chapter-pdf/52421321/isbn-9780198577874-book-part-15.pdf en eng Oxford University PressOxford Miniature Vertebrates The Implications of Small Body Size page 277-292 ISBN 9780198577874 9781383030594 book-chapter 1996 croxfordunivpr https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198577874.003.0015 2024-08-27T04:14:04Z Abstract Dwarfed populations of large mammal species evolved on many islands in the Pleistocene. Recent discoveries and advances in dating allow us to take the first steps in observing the time scale of dwarfing and the stages by which size reduction and associated morphological changes occurred. Dwarfed red deer on Jersey, and dwarfed woolly mammoths on Wrangel Island, evolved in a few thousand years or less. Their diminution probably occurred by an interplay of ecophenotypic and genetic effects, and was associated with some changes in proportion and morphology. These can be attributed to direct allometric and develop mental effects of size reduction, and may in some cases have been adaptively suboptimal. By comparison, dwarfed deer from Crete, elephants on other Mediterranean islands, and Columbian mammoths from islands off California, had probably been isolated for at least an order of magnitude longer than the Jersey and Wrangel animals. In consequence, they show modifications of cranial, dental, and limb morphology which can be interpreted as adaptive to small body size or the island habitat. Other proportions have readjusted to counter the initial developmental effects of dwarfing. Some forms evolved unique display organs implying biological speciation. In several cases, the morphology appears paedomorphic relative to the full-sized ancestor. Book Part Wrangel Island Oxford University Press 277 292 |
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Oxford University Press |
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English |
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Abstract Dwarfed populations of large mammal species evolved on many islands in the Pleistocene. Recent discoveries and advances in dating allow us to take the first steps in observing the time scale of dwarfing and the stages by which size reduction and associated morphological changes occurred. Dwarfed red deer on Jersey, and dwarfed woolly mammoths on Wrangel Island, evolved in a few thousand years or less. Their diminution probably occurred by an interplay of ecophenotypic and genetic effects, and was associated with some changes in proportion and morphology. These can be attributed to direct allometric and develop mental effects of size reduction, and may in some cases have been adaptively suboptimal. By comparison, dwarfed deer from Crete, elephants on other Mediterranean islands, and Columbian mammoths from islands off California, had probably been isolated for at least an order of magnitude longer than the Jersey and Wrangel animals. In consequence, they show modifications of cranial, dental, and limb morphology which can be interpreted as adaptive to small body size or the island habitat. Other proportions have readjusted to counter the initial developmental effects of dwarfing. Some forms evolved unique display organs implying biological speciation. In several cases, the morphology appears paedomorphic relative to the full-sized ancestor. |
format |
Book Part |
author |
Lister, A M |
spellingShingle |
Lister, A M Dwarfing in island elephants and deer: processes in relation to time of isolation |
author_facet |
Lister, A M |
author_sort |
Lister, A M |
title |
Dwarfing in island elephants and deer: processes in relation to time of isolation |
title_short |
Dwarfing in island elephants and deer: processes in relation to time of isolation |
title_full |
Dwarfing in island elephants and deer: processes in relation to time of isolation |
title_fullStr |
Dwarfing in island elephants and deer: processes in relation to time of isolation |
title_full_unstemmed |
Dwarfing in island elephants and deer: processes in relation to time of isolation |
title_sort |
dwarfing in island elephants and deer: processes in relation to time of isolation |
publisher |
Oxford University PressOxford |
publishDate |
1996 |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198577874.003.0015 https://academic.oup.com/book/chapter-pdf/52421321/isbn-9780198577874-book-part-15.pdf |
genre |
Wrangel Island |
genre_facet |
Wrangel Island |
op_source |
Miniature Vertebrates The Implications of Small Body Size page 277-292 ISBN 9780198577874 9781383030594 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198577874.003.0015 |
container_start_page |
277 |
op_container_end_page |
292 |
_version_ |
1810485180839755776 |