The Arctic
Abstract The Arctic has had sea ice for 40 million years. There have been small ice sheets in the Arctic since Miocene time (5–10 million years ago). Major ice sheets formed in Pleistocene time, covering northern Europe and North America. Declining Milankovitch insolation cooled the Arctic over the...
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Oxford University PressNew York
2023
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Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197627983.003.0006 https://academic.oup.com/book/chapter-pdf/58047935/oso-9780197627983-chapter-6.pdf |
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croxfordunivpr:10.1093/oso/9780197627983.003.0006 2024-06-23T07:49:20+00:00 The Arctic Summerhayes, Colin 2023 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197627983.003.0006 https://academic.oup.com/book/chapter-pdf/58047935/oso-9780197627983-chapter-6.pdf en eng Oxford University PressNew York The Icy Planet page 209-274 ISBN 0197627986 9780197627983 9780197628010 book-chapter 2023 croxfordunivpr https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197627983.003.0006 2024-06-11T04:20:16Z Abstract The Arctic has had sea ice for 40 million years. There have been small ice sheets in the Arctic since Miocene time (5–10 million years ago). Major ice sheets formed in Pleistocene time, covering northern Europe and North America. Declining Milankovitch insolation cooled the Arctic over the past 12,000 years. Through polar amplification, it is now warmer than it has been for 40,000 years and summer sea ice has declined since 1978. Glaciers are retreating everywhere. Ice cores show that in mid-glacial periods the climate oscillated rapidly with up to 10°C (18°F) warming in as little as 50 years. In the long warm interglacial 400,000 years ago, Greenland’s ice sheet was confined to the northeast coast. Since 1900, Greenland experienced warm events driven by changes in the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation. These explain the warming of the 1930s. Siberia now has heat waves and wildfires. Melting permafrost may become a major source of methane. Book Part Arctic Greenland Ice Ice Sheet permafrost Sea ice Siberia Oxford University Press Arctic Greenland 209 C6F4 |
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Open Polar |
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Oxford University Press |
op_collection_id |
croxfordunivpr |
language |
English |
description |
Abstract The Arctic has had sea ice for 40 million years. There have been small ice sheets in the Arctic since Miocene time (5–10 million years ago). Major ice sheets formed in Pleistocene time, covering northern Europe and North America. Declining Milankovitch insolation cooled the Arctic over the past 12,000 years. Through polar amplification, it is now warmer than it has been for 40,000 years and summer sea ice has declined since 1978. Glaciers are retreating everywhere. Ice cores show that in mid-glacial periods the climate oscillated rapidly with up to 10°C (18°F) warming in as little as 50 years. In the long warm interglacial 400,000 years ago, Greenland’s ice sheet was confined to the northeast coast. Since 1900, Greenland experienced warm events driven by changes in the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation. These explain the warming of the 1930s. Siberia now has heat waves and wildfires. Melting permafrost may become a major source of methane. |
format |
Book Part |
author |
Summerhayes, Colin |
spellingShingle |
Summerhayes, Colin The Arctic |
author_facet |
Summerhayes, Colin |
author_sort |
Summerhayes, Colin |
title |
The Arctic |
title_short |
The Arctic |
title_full |
The Arctic |
title_fullStr |
The Arctic |
title_full_unstemmed |
The Arctic |
title_sort |
arctic |
publisher |
Oxford University PressNew York |
publishDate |
2023 |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197627983.003.0006 https://academic.oup.com/book/chapter-pdf/58047935/oso-9780197627983-chapter-6.pdf |
geographic |
Arctic Greenland |
geographic_facet |
Arctic Greenland |
genre |
Arctic Greenland Ice Ice Sheet permafrost Sea ice Siberia |
genre_facet |
Arctic Greenland Ice Ice Sheet permafrost Sea ice Siberia |
op_source |
The Icy Planet page 209-274 ISBN 0197627986 9780197627983 9780197628010 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197627983.003.0006 |
container_start_page |
209 |
op_container_end_page |
C6F4 |
_version_ |
1802639697749475328 |