After the Ice: Parallelus Meets Erythropus in the Pyrenees

• Main Author: Hewitt, Godfrey M
• Format: Book Part
• Language: English
• Published: Oxford University PressNew York, NY 1993
• Subjects: Arctic; Birks; Kola Peninsula; Norway; Ice Sheet; kola peninsula; Northern Norway; Tundra
• Online Access: http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195069174.003.0006; https://academic.oup.com/book/chapter-pdf/52331107/isbn-9780195069174-book-part-6.pdf

Abstract The Pleistocene Ice Ages greatly modified the geographic distributions of most organ isms, with changes in distributions particularly marked in the temperate regions, including Europe and North America for which we have a growing amount of info mation. At the last glacial maximum in western Europe (18,000-20,000 BP) the Arctic ice sheet extended down across England and North Germany, with separate ice sheets on the Alps, Pyrenees, and other high mountains scattered across from Iberia to Transylvania. There was tundra vegetation in France and largely treeless steppe over much of Spain and southern Europe (Huntley and Birks, 1983; Huntley, 1988). Today in western Europe tundra conditions are found only in northern Norway and the Kola Peninsula in northwestern Russia.